Lecture 50 - Ungulate Liver, Spleen, & Applied Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 liver lobes

A
  1. right - medial and lateral
  2. left - medial and lateral
  3. quadrate
  4. caudate - caudate and papillary processes
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2
Q

T/F: the horse has no gall bladder

A

TRUE

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3
Q

what is found between the quadrate and left medial liver lobe

A

round ligament of the liver

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4
Q

what is found between the quadrate and right medial liver lobe

A

gall bladder

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5
Q

T/F: there is a very prominent papillary process in pigs

A

FALSE - no papillary process

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6
Q

T/F: the right and left liver lobes of ruminants are not subdivided

A

TRUE

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7
Q

the R lobe is ___ and the L lobe is ___ in horses and ruminants

A

dorsal; ventral

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8
Q

T/F: the liver is displaced to the right side in ruminants

A

TRUE

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9
Q

what attaches the greater curvature to the spleen

A

gastrosplenic ligament

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10
Q

T/F: the spleen of the ruminant directly attaches to the left longitudinal groove of the rumen without ligaments

A

TRUE

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11
Q

dents in the gastrosplenic l. of the horse can cause what

A

entrapment of intestines

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12
Q

the spleen of the horse attaches to the _____ kidney via the _____

A

left; nephrosplenic l.

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13
Q

what 4 things can cause colic?

A
  1. long mesentery of jejunum and ileum can cause entrapment
  2. sites of narrowing/constriction cause impaction
  3. long cardiac sphincter = no V+ so excessive stomach distension
  4. large colon has one attachment point and freely moves which can cause displacement
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14
Q

impaction

A

physical obstruction to passage of ingesta without strangulation of blood supply

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15
Q

where are common impaction locations in the horse

A
  1. gastric
  2. ileal
  3. cecal
  4. pelvic flexure
  5. R dorsal colon
  6. small colon
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16
Q

describe Left Dorsal Displacement of the Large Colon (LDDLC)

A
  • nephrosplenic entrapment
  • left part of large colon migrates dorsally and gets “stuck” on nephrosplenic ligament
  • non-strangulating
  • bowel is edematous and inflamed/bruised
17
Q

what can cause an ileal impaction

A
  1. tapeworm infestation
  2. diet (coastal bermuda hay)
18
Q

Enteroliths

A

intestinal stones, composed of struvite, typically found in the dorsal right colon that can cause non-strangulating obstruction

19
Q

strangulating obstructions

A

intestine is trapped in some way and blood supply is compromised

20
Q

Give examples of strangulating obstructions in the small intestine

A
  1. strangulating lipoma
  2. hernias
  3. gastrosplenic incarceration
  4. intussusception
  5. volvulus (twist around mesenteric axis)
  6. epiploic foramen entrapment
21
Q

Give examples of strangulating obstructions in the large intestine

A

large colon volvulus at cecocolic fold or sternal/diaphragmatic flexure

22
Q

how can large colon volvulus recurrence be prevented

A

suturing viable colon to ventral body wall or resection

23
Q

ascending = ____ colon
descending = ____ colon

A

large; small

24
Q

what is missing from the left flank in ruminants

25
Q

what two organs are on the left in pigs which differs from other animals

A
  1. cecum
  2. ascending colon