Lecture 50 - Ungulate Liver, Spleen, & Applied Anatomy Flashcards
what are the 4 liver lobes
- right - medial and lateral
- left - medial and lateral
- quadrate
- caudate - caudate and papillary processes
T/F: the horse has no gall bladder
TRUE
what is found between the quadrate and left medial liver lobe
round ligament of the liver
what is found between the quadrate and right medial liver lobe
gall bladder
T/F: there is a very prominent papillary process in pigs
FALSE - no papillary process
T/F: the right and left liver lobes of ruminants are not subdivided
TRUE
the R lobe is ___ and the L lobe is ___ in horses and ruminants
dorsal; ventral
T/F: the liver is displaced to the right side in ruminants
TRUE
what attaches the greater curvature to the spleen
gastrosplenic ligament
T/F: the spleen of the ruminant directly attaches to the left longitudinal groove of the rumen without ligaments
TRUE
dents in the gastrosplenic l. of the horse can cause what
entrapment of intestines
the spleen of the horse attaches to the _____ kidney via the _____
left; nephrosplenic l.
what 4 things can cause colic?
- long mesentery of jejunum and ileum can cause entrapment
- sites of narrowing/constriction cause impaction
- long cardiac sphincter = no V+ so excessive stomach distension
- large colon has one attachment point and freely moves which can cause displacement
impaction
physical obstruction to passage of ingesta without strangulation of blood supply
where are common impaction locations in the horse
- gastric
- ileal
- cecal
- pelvic flexure
- R dorsal colon
- small colon
describe Left Dorsal Displacement of the Large Colon (LDDLC)
- nephrosplenic entrapment
- left part of large colon migrates dorsally and gets “stuck” on nephrosplenic ligament
- non-strangulating
- bowel is edematous and inflamed/bruised
what can cause an ileal impaction
- tapeworm infestation
- diet (coastal bermuda hay)
Enteroliths
intestinal stones, composed of struvite, typically found in the dorsal right colon that can cause non-strangulating obstruction
strangulating obstructions
intestine is trapped in some way and blood supply is compromised
Give examples of strangulating obstructions in the small intestine
- strangulating lipoma
- hernias
- gastrosplenic incarceration
- intussusception
- volvulus (twist around mesenteric axis)
- epiploic foramen entrapment
Give examples of strangulating obstructions in the large intestine
large colon volvulus at cecocolic fold or sternal/diaphragmatic flexure
how can large colon volvulus recurrence be prevented
suturing viable colon to ventral body wall or resection
ascending = ____ colon
descending = ____ colon
large; small
what is missing from the left flank in ruminants
liver
