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2 - Form & Function > Lecture 1 - Intro to Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 1 - Intro to Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what comprises the cardiovascular system

A

heart, veins, arteries. and capillary beds

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2
Q

the right side of the heart receives _____ blood

A

deoxygenated

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3
Q

the left side of the heart receives _____ blood

A

oxygenated

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4
Q

what flow is dependent on a pressure gradient

A

arteries

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5
Q

blood supply to the heart itself is in the _____ system

A

coronary

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6
Q

blood supply to the body is in the _____ system

A

peripheral/systemic

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7
Q

the ventricles are separated by

A

interventricular septum

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8
Q

what is the paraconal interventricular groove

A

landmark - outer surface of the left ventricle

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9
Q

what is the subsinuosal interventricular groove

A

landmark - the outer surface of the right ventricle

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10
Q

what is the cardiac sinus

A

location where deoxygenated blood drains into the right atrium

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11
Q

the atria and ventricles are separated visually by

A

the coronary groove

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12
Q

in the body cavity, what on the heart is located ventrally? dorsally?

A

ventricle; atrium

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13
Q

mediastinum

A

enclosed space of the midline between the right and left pleural cavities formed by mediastinal parietal pleura

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14
Q

what are the two components of the pericardium (think big and generalized)

A
  1. fibrous pericardium
  2. serous pericardium
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15
Q

the pericardial cavity sits between what

A

parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium

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16
Q

name the membranous structures surrounding the heart from outermost to innermost

A
  1. pericardial mediastinal parietal pleura
  2. fibrous pericardium
  3. parietal pericardium
  4. visceral pericardium
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17
Q

sternopericardial ligament

A

anchor heart to the sternum in ungulates

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18
Q

phrenicopericardial ligament

A

anchor heart to sternum in carnivores

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19
Q

heart muscle is referred to as

A

myocardium

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20
Q

describe pericardial effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity

21
Q

what is a pericardiocentesis

A

procedure to remove fluid in the pericardial cavity

22
Q

where is a pericardiocentesis done in carnivores

A

right 4th/5th intercostal space

23
Q

where is a pericardiocentesis done in horse/bovine

A

left 5th intercostal space

24
Q

why is a needle/catheter inserted along the cranial border of the rib

A

due to intercostal a./v./n. along the caudal border

25
Q

what are some causes of pericarditis

A

hardware disease, hemangiosarcoma, etc

26
Q

what has chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

27
Q

what is the foramen ovale

A

opening between atrium that shunts blood from the right directly to the left

28
Q

after parturition, the foramen ovale becomes the

A

fossa ovalis

29
Q

what is the ductus arteriosus

A

vessel carrying blood from the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta

30
Q

after parturition, the ductus arteriosus becomes the

A

ligamentum arteriosum

31
Q

if either ductus arteriosus or foreman ovale fails to close what is the term

32
Q

describe the characteristics of the sinoatrial node (SA node)

A
  • non-contractile cells
  • undergo spontaneous depolarization
  • pacemaker cells
33
Q

describe the characteristics of the atrioventricular node (AV node)

A
  • electrical connection
  • in the interatrial septum
  • slower rate of depolarization
34
Q

in diastole, what is open and what is closed?

A

open = AV valves
closed = semilunar valves

35
Q

in systole, what is open and what is closed?

A

open = semilunar valves
closed = AV valves

36
Q

if an echocardiogram is used with a Doppler, what can be assessed

A

direction and volume of blood flow

37
Q

in what species is a normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia present

38
Q

in what species is a stress murmur normal

39
Q

what is the resting heart rate in horses

40
Q

what is the resting heart rate in cats

41
Q

what is the resting heart rate in dogs

42
Q

what is a PDA? how is it characterized?

A

turbulent flow from the aorta to the pulmonic artery during systole

43
Q

what condition, if severe will cause hypertrophy to develop

A

aortic stenosis

44
Q

at what point do you listen for the mitral valve (biscuspid/left AV)

A

left 5th intercostal space, ventral to the shoulder joint

45
Q

at what point do you listen for the aortic valve

A

left 4th intercostal space, dorsal to mitral valve

46
Q

at what point do you listen for the pulmonary valve

A

left 3rd intercostal at costochondral junction

47
Q

at what point do you listen for the tricuspid/R AV valve

A

right 4th intercostal

48
Q

where should the mitral valve be listened for in bovine

A

left, lower 4th intercostal

2 - Form & Function (44 decks)

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