Lecture 1 - Intro to Cardiovascular Anatomy

Question 1

what comprises the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

heart, veins, arteries. and capillary beds

Question 2

the right side of the heart receives _____ blood

Answer 2

deoxygenated

Question 3

the left side of the heart receives _____ blood

Answer 3

oxygenated

Question 4

what flow is dependent on a pressure gradient

Answer 4

arteries

Question 5

blood supply to the heart itself is in the _____ system

Answer 5

coronary

Question 6

blood supply to the body is in the _____ system

Answer 6

peripheral/systemic

Question 7

the ventricles are separated by

Answer 7

interventricular septum

Question 8

what is the paraconal interventricular groove

Answer 8

landmark - outer surface of the left ventricle

Question 9

what is the subsinuosal interventricular groove

Answer 9

landmark - the outer surface of the right ventricle

Question 10

what is the cardiac sinus

Answer 10

location where deoxygenated blood drains into the right atrium

Question 11

the atria and ventricles are separated visually by

Answer 11

the coronary groove

Question 12

in the body cavity, what on the heart is located ventrally? dorsally?

Answer 12

ventricle; atrium

Question 13

mediastinum

Answer 13

enclosed space of the midline between the right and left pleural cavities formed by mediastinal parietal pleura

Question 14

what are the two components of the pericardium (think big and generalized)

Answer 14

1. fibrous pericardium
2. serous pericardium

Question 15

the pericardial cavity sits between what

Answer 15

parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium

Question 16

name the membranous structures surrounding the heart from outermost to innermost

Answer 16

1. pericardial mediastinal parietal pleura
2. fibrous pericardium
3. parietal pericardium
4. visceral pericardium

Question 17

sternopericardial ligament

Answer 17

anchor heart to the sternum in ungulates

Question 18

phrenicopericardial ligament

Answer 18

anchor heart to sternum in carnivores

Question 19

heart muscle is referred to as

Answer 19

myocardium

Question 20

describe pericardial effusion

Answer 20

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity

Question 21

what is a pericardiocentesis

Answer 21

procedure to remove fluid in the pericardial cavity

Question 22

where is a pericardiocentesis done in carnivores

Answer 22

right 4th/5th intercostal space

Question 23

where is a pericardiocentesis done in horse/bovine

Answer 23

left 5th intercostal space

Question 24

why is a needle/catheter inserted along the cranial border of the rib

Answer 24

due to intercostal a./v./n. along the caudal border

Question 25

what are some causes of pericarditis

Answer 25

hardware disease, hemangiosarcoma, etc

Question 26

what has chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

Answer 26

AV valves

Question 27

what is the foramen ovale

Answer 27

opening between atrium that shunts blood from the right directly to the left

Question 28

after parturition, the foramen ovale becomes the

Answer 28

fossa ovalis

Question 29

what is the ductus arteriosus

Answer 29

vessel carrying blood from the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta

Question 30

after parturition, the ductus arteriosus becomes the

Answer 30

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 31

if either ductus arteriosus or foreman ovale fails to close what is the term

Answer 31

patent

Question 32

describe the characteristics of the sinoatrial node (SA node)

Answer 32

- non-contractile cells - undergo spontaneous depolarization - pacemaker cells

Question 33

describe the characteristics of the atrioventricular node (AV node)

Answer 33

- electrical connection - in the interatrial septum - slower rate of depolarization

Question 34

in diastole, what is open and what is closed?

Answer 34

open = AV valves closed = semilunar valves

Question 35

in systole, what is open and what is closed?

Answer 35

open = semilunar valves closed = AV valves

Question 36

if an echocardiogram is used with a Doppler, what can be assessed

Answer 36

direction and volume of blood flow

Question 37

in what species is a normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia present

Answer 37

canine

Question 38

in what species is a stress murmur normal

Answer 38

feline

Question 39

what is the resting heart rate in horses

Answer 39

28-40

Question 40

what is the resting heart rate in cats

Answer 40

120-140

Question 41

what is the resting heart rate in dogs

Answer 41

70-120

Question 42

what is a PDA? how is it characterized?

Answer 42

turbulent flow from the aorta to the pulmonic artery during systole

Question 43

what condition, if severe will cause hypertrophy to develop

Answer 43

aortic stenosis

Question 44

at what point do you listen for the mitral valve (biscuspid/left AV)

Answer 44

left 5th intercostal space, ventral to the shoulder joint

Question 45

at what point do you listen for the aortic valve

Answer 45

left 4th intercostal space, dorsal to mitral valve

Question 46

at what point do you listen for the pulmonary valve

Answer 46

left 3rd intercostal at costochondral junction

Question 47

at what point do you listen for the tricuspid/R AV valve

Answer 47

right 4th intercostal

Question 48

where should the mitral valve be listened for in bovine

Answer 48

left, lower 4th intercostal