Lecture 1 - Intro to Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards
what comprises the cardiovascular system
heart, veins, arteries. and capillary beds
the right side of the heart receives _____ blood
deoxygenated
the left side of the heart receives _____ blood
oxygenated
what flow is dependent on a pressure gradient
arteries
blood supply to the heart itself is in the _____ system
coronary
blood supply to the body is in the _____ system
peripheral/systemic
the ventricles are separated by
interventricular septum
what is the paraconal interventricular groove
landmark - outer surface of the left ventricle
what is the subsinuosal interventricular groove
landmark - the outer surface of the right ventricle
what is the cardiac sinus
location where deoxygenated blood drains into the right atrium
the atria and ventricles are separated visually by
the coronary groove
in the body cavity, what on the heart is located ventrally? dorsally?
ventricle; atrium
mediastinum
enclosed space of the midline between the right and left pleural cavities formed by mediastinal parietal pleura
what are the two components of the pericardium (think big and generalized)
- fibrous pericardium
- serous pericardium
the pericardial cavity sits between what
parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
name the membranous structures surrounding the heart from outermost to innermost
- pericardial mediastinal parietal pleura
- fibrous pericardium
- parietal pericardium
- visceral pericardium
sternopericardial ligament
anchor heart to the sternum in ungulates
phrenicopericardial ligament
anchor heart to sternum in carnivores
heart muscle is referred to as
myocardium
describe pericardial effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity
what is a pericardiocentesis
procedure to remove fluid in the pericardial cavity
where is a pericardiocentesis done in carnivores
right 4th/5th intercostal space
where is a pericardiocentesis done in horse/bovine
left 5th intercostal space
why is a needle/catheter inserted along the cranial border of the rib
due to intercostal a./v./n. along the caudal border
what are some causes of pericarditis
hardware disease, hemangiosarcoma, etc
what has chordae tendinae and papillary muscles
AV valves
what is the foramen ovale
opening between atrium that shunts blood from the right directly to the left
after parturition, the foramen ovale becomes the
fossa ovalis
what is the ductus arteriosus
vessel carrying blood from the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta
after parturition, the ductus arteriosus becomes the
ligamentum arteriosum
if either ductus arteriosus or foreman ovale fails to close what is the term
patent
describe the characteristics of the sinoatrial node (SA node)
- non-contractile cells
- undergo spontaneous depolarization
- pacemaker cells
describe the characteristics of the atrioventricular node (AV node)
- electrical connection
- in the interatrial septum
- slower rate of depolarization
in diastole, what is open and what is closed?
open = AV valves
closed = semilunar valves
in systole, what is open and what is closed?
open = semilunar valves
closed = AV valves
if an echocardiogram is used with a Doppler, what can be assessed
direction and volume of blood flow
in what species is a normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia present
canine
in what species is a stress murmur normal
feline
what is the resting heart rate in horses
28-40
what is the resting heart rate in cats
120-140
what is the resting heart rate in dogs
70-120
what is a PDA? how is it characterized?
turbulent flow from the aorta to the pulmonic artery during systole
what condition, if severe will cause hypertrophy to develop
aortic stenosis
at what point do you listen for the mitral valve (biscuspid/left AV)
left 5th intercostal space, ventral to the shoulder joint
at what point do you listen for the aortic valve
left 4th intercostal space, dorsal to mitral valve
at what point do you listen for the pulmonary valve
left 3rd intercostal at costochondral junction
at what point do you listen for the tricuspid/R AV valve
right 4th intercostal
where should the mitral valve be listened for in bovine
left, lower 4th intercostal
