Lecture 19 - Respiratory Phys Flashcards
what are the 2 main functions of the respiratory system?
- supply oxygen (to make ATP)
- remove carbon dioxide
where does the exchange of gas occur
alveoli
how many branches are there from the trachea to the alveoli
23 branches
what are the functions of the upper respiratory structures
- warm
- humidifies
- filters
what are the functions of the lower respiratory structures
- conducting
- gaseous exchange
T/F: horses are obligate nasal breathers
TRUE
describe how each of the following would impact resistance
- initial airway has large diameter
- viscosity of the air is minimal
- airway branching increases total cross-sectional area
- airway narrows
- decrease
- decrease
- decrease
- increase
where is the greatest point of resistance
medium-sized bronchi
what are example of disease where airways narrow
COPD
asthma
what are alveolar pores
connect adjacent alveoli and allows air pressure to be equalized while allowing aeration if airway is blocked
an increase in alveolar surface area ____ diffusion
increases
an increase in alveolar wall thickness ____ diffusion
decreases
Describe type I alveolar cells
- most numerous
- basement membrane and capillary endothelium fused
- allows gas exchange
describe type II alveolar cells
- secrete surfactant
- can divide into type I
what is unique about the respiratory membrane
a. it has fenestrations
b. it has channels
c. the capillary and alveoli are fused creating a thin interface
d. allows high pressures to increase the concentration gradient
c. the capillary and alveoli are fused creating a thin interface
during inspiration the diaphragm ____
contracts
upon inspiration, the intrathoracic pressure is ____ than the atmospheric pressure
less
during expiration the diaphragm ____
relaxes
upon expiration, the intrathoracic pressure is ____ than the atmospheric pressure
greater
T/F: expiration is an active process in most species
FALSE
describe emphysema. include the relationship between elastance and compliance
enlarged, flaccid alveoli
increased compliance, decreased elastance
describe fibrotic alveoli. include the relationship between elastance and compliance
small, hard to distend
decreased compliance, increased elastance
