Lecture 46 - Ungulate ALT

Question 1

what are the muscles of the abdominal wall (outermost to innermost)

Answer 1

1. external abdominal oblique
2. internal abdominal oblique
3. transversus abdominis
4. rectus abdominis

Question 2

describe the external abdominal oblique

Answer 2

• caudoventral
• Dorsocaudal corner has prominent cranial br of deep circumflex iliac a.
• contains the elastic abdominal tunic

Question 3

what is the elastic abdominal tunic

Answer 3

elastic modification of deep fascia covering the surface of the EAI and providing additional passive support to the abdominal wall

Question 4

describe the internal abdominal oblique

Answer 4

• cranioventral
• covers paralumbar fossa
• ruminant has dorsal and ventral part

Question 5

describe transversus abdominis

Answer 5

• vertical fibers
• ventral branches of spinal nerves on surface
• in ox, dorsal end is aponeurosis

Question 6

describe rectus abdominis

Answer 6

• craniocaudal
• enveloped in the aponeurotic sheaths of EAO, IAO, and TA

Question 7

linea alba

Answer 7

ventral midline fusion of the rectus sheath

Question 8

where is the ideal location for a midline celiotomy

Answer 8

linea alba

Question 9

for a ventral midline celiotomy what layers are cut through

Answer 9

1. skin
2. SQ tissue
3. linea alba
4. retroperitoneal fat
5. peritoneum

Question 10

for a paramedian incison, what layers are cut through

Answer 10

1. skin
2. SQ tissue
3. external rectus sheath
4. rectus abdominis mm.
5. internal rectus sheath
6. retroperitoneal fat
7. peritoneum

Question 11

for a laparotomy, what layers are cut through

Answer 11

1. skin
2. SQ tissue
3. EAO
4. IAO
5. transversus abdominis
6. peritoneum

Question 12

What layers are closed in a laparotomy? why?

Answer 12

1. TA/IAO layers
2. EAO
3. skin
4. maybe SQ

minimizes dead space and maximize anatomical healing and strength of closure

Question 13

what is the peritoneum

Answer 13

single, continuous serous lining of the abdominal cavity and its viscera

Question 14

what is the omentum

Answer 14

dorsal = dorsal stomach to dorsal body wall
ventral = ventral stomach to liver and ventral body wall

Question 15

the rumen, reticulum, and abomasum develop from the

Answer 15

dorsal stomach

Question 16

the omasum and part of the abomasum develop from the

Answer 16

ventral stomach

Question 17

what is the omental bursa

Answer 17

separate space from general peritoneal cavity and the two spaces communicate via the epiploic foramen

Question 18

the superficial wall of the greater omentum connects to

Answer 18

left longitudinal groove of the rumen

Question 19

the deep wall of the greater omentum connects to

Answer 19

right longitudinal groove of the rumen

Question 20

cranially, the superficial and deep walls connect to

Answer 20

cranial groove of the rumen and greater curvature of the abomasum

Question 21

caudally, the superficial and deep walls connect to

Answer 21

continuous from caudal groove of the rumen and create a caudal fold

Question 22

in the ruminant, the lesser omentum connects to

Answer 22

lesser curvature of the abomasum and surface of omasum to the liver

Question 23

T/F: the omentum is less developed in the horse and pig

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

what are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen

Answer 24

1. caudate process of the caudate liver lobe
2. portal v.
3. gastropancreatic/hepatoduodenal fold

Question 25

epiploic foramen entrapment

Answer 25

- causes small intestine strangulating obstruction - SI passes left to right - risk factors = cribbing, increased height, colic hx

Question 26

which of the following statements is correct? a. the liver develops in the mesentery that later becomes the GO b. the mental bursa is the potential space between the deep and superficial walls of the GO c. the supraomental recess of the ruminant is enter via the epiploic foramen d. the less omentum attaches to the spleen

Answer 26

b. the mental bursa is the potential space between the deep and superficial walls of the GO