Lecture 32 - Alimentary structures of the head Flashcards
what are the 4 layers of gut tube
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis
- serosa
the esophagus is suspended by the _________
mediastinal pleura
what is the peritoneum
serosal membranes with opposing vessels and nerves
what makes the upper alimentary tract
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
what makes the lower alimentary tract
- small intestine
- liver & gall bladder
- pancreas
- large intestine
what categories of teeth are there
- incisors
- canines
- premolars
- molars
the tooth is divided into what regions
- crown
- neck
- root
what covers the tooth crown
enamel
~95% hydroxyapatite
what is dentin?
majority of the tooth mass but sensitive tissue
cementum
covers root and neck that act as an anchor point for periodontal ligaments
what is pulp in regards to teeth
lymphatic vessels and nerves within the pulp cavity and root canal
gingiva
dense fibrous attachment that’s continuous with oral mucosa at mucogingival margin
periodontal ligament connects what? what is the job?
cementum to alveolar bone and allows for limited “give”
what is the bone tooth joint called
gomphosis (alveolar bone:teeth)
the gingival sulcus should be ___
shallow
define periodontal disease
disease of the structures around the tooth
vestibular tooth surface
outer surface facing cheeks and lips
lingual tooth surface
inner mandibular teeth
palatal tooth surface
inner maxillary teeth
mesial tooth surface
axial side of tooth
distal tooth surface
abaxial side of tooth
occlusal tooth surface
surface facing opposite dental arcade
canines have ____ baby teeth and ____ adult teeth
28; 42
what is the dental formula for canine deciduous teeth
3 : 1 : 3 : 0
3 : 1 : 3 : 0
what is the dental formula for canine adult teeth
3 : 1 : 4 : 2
3 : 1 : 4 : 3
in dogs and cats what are the carnassial teeth
upper PM4 and lower M1
why are knowing tooth roots important
to ensure all are taken out in extractions to avoid complications
list what teeth have 1, 2, and 3 tooth roots for canines
1 = incisors, canines
2 = upper PM2 and PM3, lower PMs and Ms
3 = upper PM4 - M2
what is the dental formula for feline deciduous teeth
3 : 1 : 3 : 0
3 : 1 : 2 : 0
cats have ____ baby teeth and ____ adult teeth
26; 30
what is the dental formula for feline adult teeth
3 : 1 : 3 : 1
3 : 1 : 2 : 1
list what teeth have 1, 2, and 3 tooth roots for cats
1 = incisors, canines, upper PM2
*upper M1
2 = lower PMs and Ms
3 = upper PM4
furcation
space between roots seen in severe cases of dental disease
malar abscess
abscess at apices of upper PM4
swelling and drainage to outside of face
what nerves innervate the teeth
maxillary n. –> infraorbital n. –> superior alveolar branches
mandibular n. –> inferior alveolar n. –> mental n.
describe a maxillary nerve block
blocks all upper arcade
aim for caudal maxillary foramen
describe an intraorbital nerve block
blocks maxillary incisors, canines, PM1 and PM2
aim for infraorbital canal exit
describe an interior alveolar nerve block
blocks all teeth in mandible
aim for medial ramus
describe a middle mental nerve block
blocks mandibular incisors and canines
aim for mental foramina
what is the oral vestibule
cavity between teeth and lips/cheek
describe the oral cavity proper
bound by hard palate, teeth, gingiva, palatoglossal arches, and base of tongue
what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
what are the 3 elevating muscles of mastication
- temporalis m.
- masseter m.
- pterygoid m.
what are the elevator mm. innervated by
mandibular n
what is the depressor muscle of mastication? what is it innervated by?
digastricus m. innervated by CN 5 & 7
what is the lyssa of the tongue
a fibrous spicule on the ventral tongue that supports apex
what is the lingual frenulum
juncture of tongue and oral cavity
what nerve is responsible for taste and general sensation in the caudal 1/3 of the tongue
glossopharyngeal n.
what nerve is responsible for motor innervation of the tongue
hypoglossal n.
what nerve is responsible for taste in the rostral 2/3 of the tongue
facial n.
what nerve is responsible for general sensation in the rostral 2/3 of the tongue
mandibular n.
what are the 3 extrinsic muscles of the tongue
- genioglossus
- hyoglossus
- styloglossus
what is the function of the hyoid apparatus
stabilize the tongue and larynx by suspending these structures from the skull
what are the muscles of the hyoid? what is the general job?
- sternohyoideus
- thyrohyoideus
- mylohyoideus
- geniohyoideus
swallowing, lapping, retching
what are the 3 muscles of the laryngopharynx? what is their job?
- hyopharyngeus
- thyropharyngeus
- cricopharyngeus
aid in swallowing
what are the salivary glands of the head
- parotid (behind ear)
- mandibular
- sublingual monostomatic
- zygomatic
where do the sublingual and mandibular salivary glands open
sublingual caruncle
what is a salivary mucocele
collection of saliva that has leaked from a damaged gland or duct and accumulates in the tissue
what is a ranula
sublingual mucocele
