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2 - Form & Function > Lecture 10 - Combo Head & Pelvic Limb Vasculature > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Combo Head & Pelvic Limb Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system? Select all that apply.

a. Filter toxins and bring them to the venous system for excretion by the kidneys

b. Production of lymphocytes

c. Maintathe in absolute volume of water returned to the systemic circulation

d. Maintain oncotic pressure by allowing albumin to re-enter the circulatory system

e. Produce red blood cells.

f. Help monitor levels of corticosteroids in the body.

A

a, b, c, & d

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2
Q

Most lymph from the caudal body eventually goes to the cisterna chyli and from there, it moves cranially through what structure?

A

thoracic duct

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3
Q

What lymph node initially drains the rostral-most part of the head?

A

mandibular

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4
Q

What region of the body does the superficial inguinal lymph node drain directly?

A

thigh

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5
Q

Lymph in the tracheal trunks runs in what direction?

A

caudally

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6
Q

Afferent lymph flow carries lymph to a lymph node or away from a lymph node?

A

to

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7
Q

Which of the following choices describes a sentinel lymph node?

a. Closest lymph node to a lesion.

b. The first lymph node lymph will reach from a given region of the body.

c. The node last lymph node lymph flows through before entering the cistern chyli.

A

b

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8
Q

In which of the following groups of animals does the internal carotid artery regress? Choose all that apply.

a. dog
b. cat
c. horse
d. bovine
e. goat
f. pig

A

b, d, e, and f

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9
Q

When extracting a maxillary tooth, which main artery is especially important to avoid incising?

A

major palatine a.

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10
Q

True or False: Sheep possess a facial artery.

A

FALSE

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11
Q

When administering a dental nerve block to the mandibular arcade, which artery must be avoided?

A

inferior alveolar

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12
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the horns of ruminants?

A

cornual

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13
Q

Which of the following arteries are located medial to the equine guttural pouch? Select all which apply.

a. internal carotid
b. external carotid
c. maxillary
d. lingual
e. facial

A

a, b, c

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14
Q

what arteries supplies the hindgut?

A

caudal mesenteric

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15
Q

What artery is associated with the root of the mesentery?

A

cranial mesenteric

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16
Q

I’ve stated this in a confusing way here. The lecture notes state “make the oblique incision such that the antimesenteric border is shorter than the mesenteric border.” This statement refers to the bowel that is left in the body. In the video, I am referring to the bowel that is taken out of the body. So, if I were to ask it on an assessment, I would have to distinguish between the two. For example: When performing a resection and anastomosis, the surgeon aims to make incisions such that the antimesenteric side that is being removed is longer than the mesenteric side that is leaving the body. True or false?

A

TRUE

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17
Q

T/F: When resecting a length (section) of bowel, the incisions into it should be made closest to the vessels which are being removed from the body.

A

FALSE

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18
Q

When resecting a section of bowel, which side of the bowel which is left in the body is shorter?

A

antimesenteric

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19
Q

T/F: When incising into bowel, it is important to cut into the damaged tissue in order maintain the integrity of adjacent healthy tissue.

A

FALSE

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20
Q

What is one of the most common non-traumatic causes of hemoabdomen in the canine patient?

A

ruptured splenic mass

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21
Q

Which of the following signs is NOT a sign of a saddle thrombus?

a. Non-ambulatory in the hind limb(s) (I didn’t say this in the video, but it’s in the notes)

b. Paws that are hot to the touch

c. Absent femoral pulse

d. Acute pain

e. Cyanotic foot pads

A

b

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22
Q

Which of the following vessels carry(ies) blood AWAY from the liver?

A

hepatic veins

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23
Q

The hepatic portal system drains blood away from which structures?

A

gastrointestinal tract

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24
Q

The umbilical vein brings (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood (to/from) the fetus

A

oxygenated/to

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25
Q

Which of the following vessels carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta?

A

umbilical arteries

26
Q

What is the vessel running within the parenchyma of the fetal liver that regresses upon birth?

A

ductus venosus

27
Q

Portosystemic shunts can result in which of the following scenarios?

a. accumulation of toxins in the blood
b. hepatic encephalopathy and seizure
c. heptic atrophy
d. all of the above

A

d

28
Q

a. the pinned lymphatic structure above the descending aorta is the ____

b. what drains into structure a

A

thoracic duct; cisterna chyli

29
Q

what are primary lymphoid organs

A
  1. thymus
  2. bone marrow
30
Q

what are examples of secondary lymphoid organs?

A
  1. spleen
  2. lymph nodes
  3. aggregated lymph tissue (tonsils)
31
Q

what 4 reasons would we perform a lymph node cytology

A
  1. lymphadenopathy (localized or diffuse)
  2. staging
  3. suspected infectious disease
  4. screening for occult disease
32
Q

why is it important to understand the concept of sentinel lymph nodes

A

based on lymphatic flow you can narrow down the area affected by disease in the animal’s body

33
Q

a reactive lymph node refers to

A

swollen lymph node that is enlarged due to a normal immune response

34
Q

primary neoplasia of the lymph node is

A

lymphoma

35
Q

what branches off the maxillary artery. state the main channel.

A

descending palatine (main channel)
infraorbital

36
Q

the external carotid gives rise to what

A
  1. occipital a
  2. linguofacial trunk
  3. caudal auricular
  4. superficial temporal
37
Q

what is guttural pouch mycosis

A

plaques forming within the guttural pouch over the internal carotid resulting in hemorrhage

38
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed

39
Q

in the cat, the internal carotid regresses and what arises to provide blood

A

rete mirabile maxillaris

40
Q

T/F: cats do not possess an alar canal

A

TRUE

41
Q

T/F: ruminants do not have an internal carotid, but they do have the rete mirabile maxillaris

A

FALSE - no internal carotid but they have EPIDURAL rete mirabile

42
Q

T/F: small ruminants have no facial artery

A

TRUE

43
Q

what supplies blood to the brain in dogs and horses

A

basilar artery and internal carotid

44
Q

what cerebral blood structure is present in all species

A

arterial circle

45
Q

match the artery to their portion of gut

a. celiac artery
b. cranial mesenteric
c. caudal mesenteric

  1. midgut
  2. foregut
  3. hindgut
A

a = 2
b = 1
c = 3

46
Q

the celiac artery supplies

A
  1. liver
  2. spleen
  3. stomach
  4. proximal duodenum
  5. pancreas
47
Q

the cranial mesenteric supplies

A
  1. distal duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
  4. cecum
  5. colon
  6. pancreas
48
Q

what is the root of the mesentery

A

portion of a large fan structure that has attachments on the aorta and diaphragmatic crura

49
Q

what does the caudal mesenteric supply

A
  1. colon
  2. rectum
50
Q

what is mesenteric torsion

A

rotation of the intestinal tract around the axis of the mesenteric root resulting in occlusion of the cranial mesenteric a.

51
Q

what is a classical presentation of mesenteric torsion

A

dog presenting with sudden collapse after a high-activity period

52
Q

pale gums indicate

A

anemia or low blood volume

53
Q

cyanotic gums indicate

A

lack of oxygen

54
Q

CRT of <1sec indicates

A

hyperdynamic state and vasodilation

55
Q

where is blood drawn commonly from a dog and a cat

A

dog = lateral saphenous or cephalic v.
cat = medial saphenous v.

56
Q

why are cats more susceptible to thromboembolism

A

blood is hypercoagulable

57
Q

what is a thromboembolism

A

blot clot at the level of trifurcation

58
Q

the portal v brings ___ blood to the liver

the celiac a. brings ____ blood to the liver

A

functional, nutritive

59
Q

summarize blood flow in the fetus

A
  1. oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical vein
  2. passes through ductus venosus in liver into the caudal vena cava
  3. in the right atrium will either mix with deoxygenated blood in the left atrium or continue through
  4. some blood is passed via umbilical artries to be reoxygenated
60
Q

remnants of the umbilical v is

A

round ligament of the liver

61
Q

remnants of the umbilical a is

A

round ligament of the bladder

62
Q

failure of the ductus venosus to close after birth is what

A

patent (intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)

2 - Form & Function (21 decks)

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