Lecture 10 - Combo Head & Pelvic Limb Vasculature Flashcards
Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system? Select all that apply.
a. Filter toxins and bring them to the venous system for excretion by the kidneys
b. Production of lymphocytes
c. Maintathe in absolute volume of water returned to the systemic circulation
d. Maintain oncotic pressure by allowing albumin to re-enter the circulatory system
e. Produce red blood cells.
f. Help monitor levels of corticosteroids in the body.
a, b, c, & d
Most lymph from the caudal body eventually goes to the cisterna chyli and from there, it moves cranially through what structure?
thoracic duct
What lymph node initially drains the rostral-most part of the head?
mandibular
What region of the body does the superficial inguinal lymph node drain directly?
thigh
Lymph in the tracheal trunks runs in what direction?
caudally
Afferent lymph flow carries lymph to a lymph node or away from a lymph node?
to
Which of the following choices describes a sentinel lymph node?
a. Closest lymph node to a lesion.
b. The first lymph node lymph will reach from a given region of the body.
c. The node last lymph node lymph flows through before entering the cistern chyli.
b
In which of the following groups of animals does the internal carotid artery regress? Choose all that apply.
a. dog
b. cat
c. horse
d. bovine
e. goat
f. pig
b, d, e, and f
When extracting a maxillary tooth, which main artery is especially important to avoid incising?
major palatine a.
True or False: Sheep possess a facial artery.
FALSE
When administering a dental nerve block to the mandibular arcade, which artery must be avoided?
inferior alveolar
Which arteries supply blood to the horns of ruminants?
cornual
Which of the following arteries are located medial to the equine guttural pouch? Select all which apply.
a. internal carotid
b. external carotid
c. maxillary
d. lingual
e. facial
a, b, c
what arteries supplies the hindgut?
caudal mesenteric
What artery is associated with the root of the mesentery?
cranial mesenteric
I’ve stated this in a confusing way here. The lecture notes state “make the oblique incision such that the antimesenteric border is shorter than the mesenteric border.” This statement refers to the bowel that is left in the body. In the video, I am referring to the bowel that is taken out of the body. So, if I were to ask it on an assessment, I would have to distinguish between the two. For example: When performing a resection and anastomosis, the surgeon aims to make incisions such that the antimesenteric side that is being removed is longer than the mesenteric side that is leaving the body. True or false?
TRUE
T/F: When resecting a length (section) of bowel, the incisions into it should be made closest to the vessels which are being removed from the body.
FALSE
When resecting a section of bowel, which side of the bowel which is left in the body is shorter?
antimesenteric
T/F: When incising into bowel, it is important to cut into the damaged tissue in order maintain the integrity of adjacent healthy tissue.
FALSE
What is one of the most common non-traumatic causes of hemoabdomen in the canine patient?
ruptured splenic mass
Which of the following signs is NOT a sign of a saddle thrombus?
a. Non-ambulatory in the hind limb(s) (I didn’t say this in the video, but it’s in the notes)
b. Paws that are hot to the touch
c. Absent femoral pulse
d. Acute pain
e. Cyanotic foot pads
b
Which of the following vessels carry(ies) blood AWAY from the liver?
hepatic veins
The hepatic portal system drains blood away from which structures?
gastrointestinal tract
The umbilical vein brings (oxygenated/deoxygenated) blood (to/from) the fetus
oxygenated/to
Which of the following vessels carries deoxygenated blood to the placenta?
umbilical arteries
What is the vessel running within the parenchyma of the fetal liver that regresses upon birth?
ductus venosus
Portosystemic shunts can result in which of the following scenarios?
a. accumulation of toxins in the blood
b. hepatic encephalopathy and seizure
c. heptic atrophy
d. all of the above
d
a. the pinned lymphatic structure above the descending aorta is the ____
b. what drains into structure a
thoracic duct; cisterna chyli
what are primary lymphoid organs
- thymus
- bone marrow
what are examples of secondary lymphoid organs?
- spleen
- lymph nodes
- aggregated lymph tissue (tonsils)
what 4 reasons would we perform a lymph node cytology
- lymphadenopathy (localized or diffuse)
- staging
- suspected infectious disease
- screening for occult disease
why is it important to understand the concept of sentinel lymph nodes
based on lymphatic flow you can narrow down the area affected by disease in the animal’s body
a reactive lymph node refers to
swollen lymph node that is enlarged due to a normal immune response
primary neoplasia of the lymph node is
lymphoma
what branches off the maxillary artery. state the main channel.
descending palatine (main channel)
infraorbital
the external carotid gives rise to what
- occipital a
- linguofacial trunk
- caudal auricular
- superficial temporal
what is guttural pouch mycosis
plaques forming within the guttural pouch over the internal carotid resulting in hemorrhage
epistaxis
nose bleed
in the cat, the internal carotid regresses and what arises to provide blood
rete mirabile maxillaris
T/F: cats do not possess an alar canal
TRUE
T/F: ruminants do not have an internal carotid, but they do have the rete mirabile maxillaris
FALSE - no internal carotid but they have EPIDURAL rete mirabile
T/F: small ruminants have no facial artery
TRUE
what supplies blood to the brain in dogs and horses
basilar artery and internal carotid
what cerebral blood structure is present in all species
arterial circle
match the artery to their portion of gut
a. celiac artery
b. cranial mesenteric
c. caudal mesenteric
- midgut
- foregut
- hindgut
a = 2
b = 1
c = 3
the celiac artery supplies
- liver
- spleen
- stomach
- proximal duodenum
- pancreas
the cranial mesenteric supplies
- distal duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- cecum
- colon
- pancreas
what is the root of the mesentery
portion of a large fan structure that has attachments on the aorta and diaphragmatic crura
what does the caudal mesenteric supply
- colon
- rectum
what is mesenteric torsion
rotation of the intestinal tract around the axis of the mesenteric root resulting in occlusion of the cranial mesenteric a.
what is a classical presentation of mesenteric torsion
dog presenting with sudden collapse after a high-activity period
pale gums indicate
anemia or low blood volume
cyanotic gums indicate
lack of oxygen
CRT of <1sec indicates
hyperdynamic state and vasodilation
where is blood drawn commonly from a dog and a cat
dog = lateral saphenous or cephalic v.
cat = medial saphenous v.
why are cats more susceptible to thromboembolism
blood is hypercoagulable
what is a thromboembolism
blot clot at the level of trifurcation
the portal v brings ___ blood to the liver
the celiac a. brings ____ blood to the liver
functional, nutritive
summarize blood flow in the fetus
- oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical vein
- passes through ductus venosus in liver into the caudal vena cava
- in the right atrium will either mix with deoxygenated blood in the left atrium or continue through
- some blood is passed via umbilical artries to be reoxygenated
remnants of the umbilical v is
round ligament of the liver
remnants of the umbilical a is
round ligament of the bladder
failure of the ductus venosus to close after birth is what
patent (intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)
