Lecture 26 - Control of ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

where is the respiratory center located

A

brainstem

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2
Q

where are the chemoreceptors for ventilation located

A

central and peripheral

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3
Q

what does the respiratory center control

A

autonomic (non-voluntary) breathing by controlling action of respiratory muscles

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4
Q

what does the medulla control

A

dorsal and ventral respiratory group

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5
Q

what does the pons control

A

pneumotaxic and apneustic center

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6
Q

describe the job of the medullary respiratory system

A
  • the basic rhythm of ventilation
  • initiate and modify contraction of muscles for inspiration and expiration
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7
Q

what is the pneumotaxic center responsible for

A

limits inspiration and prevents over-inspiring

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8
Q

what is the apneustic center responsible for

A

controls deep inspirations and is affected by anesthetic drugs/injury

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9
Q

what do the central chemoreceptors detect

A

CO2

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10
Q

what do peripheral chemoreceptors detect

A

PaO2 and blood pH

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11
Q

what is most important for minute-minute control of ventilation

A

central chemoreceptors

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12
Q

where are the locations of peripheral chemoreceptors

A
  1. aortic arch
  2. carotid bodies
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13
Q

the central chemoreceptor is activated by

A

H+ concentration

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14
Q

T/F: CO2 easily diffuses into CSF

A

TRUE

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15
Q

T/F: CCR can sense O2 levels when carbon dioxide is inadequate

A

FALSE

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16
Q

when increased H+ is detected, what happens

A
  1. increased ventilation rate
  2. decreased PaCO2
17
Q

peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

A
  1. decreased arterial PaO2 (only very low; <50)
  2. increased PaCO2 and H+
18
Q

what takes over ventilation if PaO2 is too low

A

peripheral chemoreceptor

19
Q

where are the locations of stretch receptors

A
  1. lung tissue
  2. respiratory muscles
20
Q

describe the Hering-Breuer Inflation Reflex

A
  • increase lung volume
  • increased firing stretch receptors decrease further inspiration
  • stimulate expiration
21
Q

describe J receptors

A
  • juxta capillary receptors
  • activated with pulmonary dysfunction
  • causes rapid, shallow breathing
22
Q

describe irritant receptors

A
  • located between airway epithelial cells
  • response to noxious gas, smoke, etc.
  • bronchoconstriction and decreased ventilation
23
Q

what two changes to the airway impact ventilation

A
  1. bronchoconstriction
  2. bronchodilation
24
Q

what is the sympathetic nervous system’s relationship with airways

A

B2 receptors activated and cause bronchodilation

25
what is the parasympathetic nervous system's relationship with airways
muscarinic receptors activated and cause bronchoconstriction
26
what is the non-adrenergic inhibitory pathway's relationship with airways
release nitric oxide to smooth muscle and causes bronchodilation
27
what is the most important factor in control of ventilation
PaCO2
28
the relationship between PaCO2 and Vmin is ____
direct