Lec 6-4 - Solute Transport

Question 1

ultrafiltration of plasma is done by the blank

Answer 1

glomerulus

Question 2

proximal tubule reabsorbs this much water, sodium, potassium, chloride

Answer 2

70 percent

Question 3

proximal tubule reabsorbs almost all these

Answer 3

glucose, amino acids

Question 4

loss of proximal tubule function that leads to retarded growth, acidosis, and excessive urination

Answer 4

fanconi syndrome

Question 5

influx of sodium across the apical membrane is a blank process

Answer 5

secondary active

Question 6

h2o primarily moves across transcellular route paracellularly due to expression of blank

Answer 6

aquaporin channels

Question 7

in the first half of the proximal tubule, sodium is absorbed primarily with these but leaves this behind

Answer 7

glucose, lactate, amino acids, chloride

Question 8

second half of proximal tubule has sodium being absorbed with blank

Answer 8

chloride

Question 9

amount of NaCl reabsorbed transcellularly by the proximal tubule

Answer 9

2/3

Question 10

amount of NaCl reabsorbed paracellularly by the proximal tubule

Answer 10

1/3

Question 11

thin descending limb does not perform substantial blank

Answer 11

NaCl reabsorption

Question 12

thin and thick ascending limb performs this much NaCl reabsorption

Answer 12

25%

Question 13

the mechanism that generates the single effect

Answer 13

transcellular

Question 14

mechanism that involves electrical charge

Answer 14

paracellular

Question 15

syndromes resulting in excessive loss of ions in the urine and the ascending limb cant generate the single effect

Answer 15

bartter’s syndromes

Question 16

distal tubule and collecting duct reabsorb this much sodium

Answer 16

8%

Question 17

collecting duct / late distal tubule has these cell types

Answer 17

principal, intercalated

Question 18

cells that deal with NaCl reabsorption and water balance

Answer 18

principal

Question 19

cells that are mainly concerned with pH balance

Answer 19

intercalated

Question 20

principal cells have apical sodium permeability provided by blank

Answer 20

ENaC

Question 21

disease like bartters but due to inactivating mutations in ENaC

Answer 21

PHA-I

Question 22

two mechanisms that regulate renal NaCl handling

Answer 22

startling forces, renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS)

Question 23

starling forces are mostly a consideration in the blank where leaky junctions allow blank fluid movement between peritubular capillaries and interstitial fluid

Answer 23

proximal tubule, bidirectional

Question 24

a decrease in sodium / water reabsorption lowers the ecf volume which activates this mechanism

Answer 24

RAAS

Question 25

RAAS has the purpose to increase blank to restore blood pressure

Answer 25

NaCl, H2O

Question 26

renin is secreted by blank cells in the blank

Answer 26

granular cells, afferent arteriole (juxtaglomerular apparatus)

Question 27

renin actually converts blank to blank

Answer 27

angiotensinogen, angiotensin 1

Question 28

active form of angiotensin

Answer 28

angiotensin 2

Question 29

angiotensin functions to blank which resotred blood pressure during volume depletion

Answer 29

smooth muscle contraction

Question 30

angiotensin also triggers the release of blank

Answer 30

aldosterone

Question 31

aldosterone is a blank hormone

Answer 31

steroid

Question 32

aldosterone restores blood pressure by blank

Answer 32

acting on distal tubule/collecting to reabsorb solutes by increasing abundance and activity of ENaC