Lec 4-7 - Pancreas/Bile/Gallbladder

Question 1

endocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 1

insulin, glucagon

Question 2

exocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 2

digestive enzymes, bicarbonate fluid,

Question 3

bicarbonate fluid function is to

Answer 3

neutralize stomach acid so it doesn’t damage the duodenum and denature digestive enzymes

Question 4

know mechanism of pancreas kinda like salivary glands

Answer 4

ok

Question 5

pancreas fluid is blank and has a blank pH due to blank

Answer 5

isotonic, high, lots of bicarbonate

Question 6

inactive precursors

Answer 6

zymogens

Question 7

digestive enzyme proteases from pancreas are blank and act on proteins

Answer 7

zymogens

Question 8

digestive enzymes that breakdown fats and carbs other than phospholipase A2 are secreted by the pancreas in blank

Answer 8

active form

Question 9

minor stimuli of secretion of enzyme component by pancreatic acinar cells

Answer 9

secretin VIP, GRP, CCK, substance P

Question 10

major stimuli of secretion of enzyme component by pancreatic acinar cells

Answer 10

ach

Question 11

nature’s antacid in the intestinal phase

Answer 11

secretin

Question 12

this stimulates ach release in the acinar cells in the intestinal phase

Answer 12

vagal stimulation

Question 13

this makes bile acids more water soluble

Answer 13

micelle

Question 14

most of the blood (70%) is from blank while the other 30% is from blank

Answer 14

vein (deoxygenated), artery

Question 15

major components of the secretion of bile acid dependent/bile acid independent flow

Answer 15

NaBA, NaHCO3

Question 16

secretin stimulates blank to produce the bicarbonate rich fluid to neutralize acid in the duodenum

Answer 16

cholangiocytes

Question 17

gallbladder stores and blank bile between blank until fats are around

Answer 17

concentrates, meals

Question 18

this is normally closed until the gallbladder needs to release bile

Answer 18

sphincter of oddi

Question 19

gallstones can be made of blank or blank

Answer 19

cholesterol, bilirubin

Question 20

four “F” rule for those who are more at risk for gall stones

Answer 20

fat, female, fair skin color, forty

Question 21

gallbladder emptying steps

Answer 21

1. fats in blood activates cck

2. cck relaxes sphincter of oddi and causes gallbladder to contract

Question 22

end product of hemoglobin degradation from destroying rbc

Answer 22

bilirubin

Question 23

bilirubin is one of the few metabolic wastes that are eliminated from the body via the gi tract… and it is blank toxic

Answer 23

neurotoxic