Lec 1 - 4 - Renal Physiology

Question 1

main osmolytes

Answer 1

NaCl, glucose, blood urea nitrogen

Question 2

high osmolality causes cell to blank

Answer 2

shrink

Question 3

low osmolality causes cell to blank

Answer 3

swell/burst

Question 4

normal blood volume

Answer 4

5 L

Question 5

normal plasma volume

Answer 5

3 L

Question 6

kidneys do almost all of the blank excretion from the body

Answer 6

electrolyte

Question 7

normal plasma pH

Answer 7

7.4

Question 8

kidneys excrete these end products of metabolism

Answer 8

urea, uric acid, creatinine

Question 9

hormone that activates angiotensin/aldosterone which regulates blood pressure and sodium/potassium balance

Answer 9

renin

Question 10

hormone in kidney that is a metabolite of vitamind d3 and is necessary for absorption of calcium by gut and its deposition in bone

Answer 10

calcitriol

Question 11

hormone in kidney that stimulates production of rbc by bone marrow

Answer 11

erythropoeitin

Question 12

dialysis is necessary if there is less than this percent of kidney function

Answer 12

10 percent

Question 13

most common type of organ transplant

Answer 13

kidney

Question 14

wait time for kidney

Answer 14

3-5 years

Question 15

kidneys use this percent of cardiac output

Answer 15

25 percent

Question 16

kidneys use this much of the total oxygen

Answer 16

7 percent

Question 17

kidney is surrounded by a fibrous blank and blank tissue

Answer 17

capsule, adipose

Question 18

two regions of kidney

Answer 18

cortex, medulla

Question 19

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 19

nephron

Question 20

this many nephrons per kidney

Answer 20

1.2 million

Question 21

steps of renal vasculature

Answer 21

filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion

Question 22

specialized cells from bowmans capsule cover each glomerular capillary.. these are called blank

Answer 22

podocytes

Question 23

podocytes come together to cover the basement membrane and are separated by apparent gaps called blank

Answer 23

filtration slits

Question 24

each filtration slit is bridged by a blank

Answer 24

diaphragm