Lec 10-3 - Vestibular

Question 1

these signal static position of head and signal linear acceleration

Answer 1

utricle/saccule

Question 2

these signal rotation and angular acceleration

Answer 2

semicircular canals

Question 3

hair cells of utricle have no blank

Answer 3

axons

Question 4

hair cells of utricle synapse onto blank

Answer 4

8th nerve afferents

Question 5

these are the crystals on top of utricle

Answer 5

otoconia

Question 6

there is one blank on a hair cell

Answer 6

kinocilium (true cilium)

Question 7

there are about blank stereocilia in a step like manner going up to kinocilium

Answer 7

60

Question 8

main cation that enters stereocilia in endolymph

Answer 8

potassium

Question 9

inflammation of inner ear can disrupt normal production of blank which can lead to vertigo, vomiting, hearing impairment

Answer 9

endolymph

Question 10

endolymph disorder with improper endolymph drainage and rise in endolymph volume

Answer 10

meniere’s disease

Question 11

orthogonal tilt of hair cells means blank

Answer 11

no voltage change

Question 12

increased length between tip lengths of hair cells causes blank

Answer 12

depolarization due to K+ influx

Question 13

decreased length between tip lengths of hair cells causes blank

Answer 13

hyperpolarization… not much K+ influx

Question 14

utricle can detect head tilt in blank orientations

Answer 14

many

Question 15

this is like the utricle but is oriented vertically

Answer 15

saccule

Question 16

these respond to head rotation

Answer 16

semicircular canals

Question 17

head rotation stimulates hair cells because the blank will bend the blank

Answer 17

endolymph, cupula

Question 18

turning the head right will depolarize the hair cells in this canal

Answer 18

right horizontal

Question 19

turning the head to the right will hyperpolarize the hair cells in this canal

Answer 19

left horizontal

Question 20

redundancy of information from two sides of the vestibular system is a factor permitting blank

Answer 20

vestibular compensation

Question 21

symptoms seen in absence of head movement

Answer 21

static

Question 22

symptoms seen with head movement

Answer 22

dynamic

Question 23

immediately, damage to a side of vestibular system causes blank but it blanks over time due the compensation

Answer 23

balance problems, corrects itself

Question 24

percent of hair cells that die as we age

Answer 24

20-30%

Question 25

detachment of otoconia in the utricle and enter the semicircular duct

Answer 25

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Question 26

vestibular information is widely distributed in the blank

Answer 26

thalamus

Question 27

vestibular influences interact with these inputs

Answer 27

visual, proprioceptive