Lec 1-7 - GI Regulation

Question 1

plexus between epithelium and circular muscle

Answer 1

submucosal plexus

Question 2

plexus between circular and outer longitudinal muscle

Answer 2

myenteric plexus

Question 3

liters of water in the body

Answer 3

40 L

Question 4

secrete blank liters of water during the day into the lumen (NOT EXCRETE)

Answer 4

8 L

Question 5

there is blank and blank breakdown of stuff in GI

Answer 5

chemical, mechanical

Question 6

secretion of organics, ions, and water by epithelium is blank but absorption is blank

Answer 6

expensive, efficient

Question 7

fastest chemical regulator to slowest

Answer 7

neuroendocrine > endocrine > paracrine

Question 8

side effect of opiates can be blank because it slows smooth muscle contractility of GI

Answer 8

constipation

Question 9

true hormones are produced in response to a blank and at blank tissue concentrations

Answer 9

meal, physiological

Question 10

two families of true hormones

Answer 10

cholecystokinin (CCK), Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 11

plexus that does some central processing and control smooth muscle

Answer 11

myenteric

Question 12

plexus that gets chemical sensations from the epithelium

Answer 12

submucosal

Question 13

excitatory motor neurons of gi release these nt

Answer 13

ach, substance p

Question 14

inhibitory motor neurons of gi release these nt

Answer 14

VIP, NO

Question 15

smooth muscle can provide the blank for flow in the GI tract or blank to flow in the CV system

Answer 15

driving force, resistance

Question 16

multiunit smooth muscle has each cell being blank

Answer 16

innervated

Question 17

smooth muscle action potential drives blank out of the cells and blank into the cells

Answer 17

K+, Ca2+

Question 18

most important source of calcium in visceral smooth muscle

Answer 18

extracellular calcium

Question 19

calcium in skeletal muscles comes from intracellular stores so it is blank compared to visceral smooth muscle

Answer 19

faster

Question 20

Special properties of visceral smooth muscle occur because smooth muscle cells have a blank membrane potential that can be affected by blank nt

Answer 20

Unstable, enteric

Question 21

Example of enteric nt that can affect smooth muscle by increasing number of action potentials

Answer 21

Ach

Question 22

Increasing number of action potentials in the gut leads to blank

Answer 22

Increased muscle tone

Question 23

Cajal discovered theese things that contact smooth muscle cells and are like the pacemakers

Answer 23

Varicosities (ICC)

Question 24

Ach is the nt of the blank nervous system

Answer 24

Parasympathetic

Question 25

Neurotransmitters that cause action potentials in the gi system if they raise blank which activates the calmodulin/MLCK complex

Answer 25

Calcium concentration

Question 26

Nt of the gi which raise cAmp, interfere with ap by inhibiting phosphorylation of this complex

Answer 26

Calmodulin/MLCK complex

Question 27

There enteric nerves release VIP or NO to cause inhibition

Answer 27

Purinergic