Lec 1 - 5 - Respiratory Pulmonary Function and Structure Flashcards
inhaled gas is 100 percent blank before reaching gas exchange area
humidified
primary barrier between inside body and outside environment; inhaled pathogens and irritants
host defense
air moving across vocal cords
vocalization
lung has no direct blank capacity, it just goes by pressure differences leading to air flow
movement
flow in the lung formula
flow = delta P / R
the role of respiratory system is o2 delivery but the system is controlled by blank
co2
Flow of oxygen formula
Vo2 = inspired ventilation and O2 - expired ventilation and O2
we dont need a high blood pressure to the lungs because lungs have blank
very low blood flow resistance
lung volume is blank percent tissue and blank percent blood
60, 40
nasal/oral passage have shear forces causing synthesis and release of blank
nitric oxide
NO blank the bronchial airways
vasodilates
scm, scalenes, external intercostals, diaphragm are blank muscles
inspiration
internal intercostals, abs, obliques are blank muscles
expiration
expiration is blank unless forced
passive
left lung is blank compared to right due to the blank
smaller, heart
parietal pleura is attached to blank which causes the lungs to actually expand and contract
chest wall
air between lungs
pneumothorax
stuff between visceral and parietal pleura so they dont stick together
surfactant
most blank is in upper airways
resistance
most blank is in lower airways
compliance/gas exchange
conducting airway is aka anatomic blank
dead space
air flow velocity blank as we go deeper into the respiratory tract
decreases
Inflammation of smooth muscle of airway
Asthma
Genetic respiratory disease that has to do with chloride channels and obstruction by mucus
Cystic fibrosus
These allow mucus to get out and be secreted in the lungs
Goblet cells
Cilia is 9 doublets of blank and the center is blank
Actin/atpase, 2 singlets
Type of epithelium of alveoli that is most of the alveolus and does gas exchange
Type 1
Type of epithelium that produces surfactant in alveoli cells
Type 2
Type 1 epithelium is converted to type 2 near blank
Birth
Alveoli vary in size, lose surface area, and lose septae in this disease
Emphysema
Developmental disease that decreases alveolar number
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Lung function peaks at this age
20-25
Large pulmonary vessles have blank
Smooth muscles
Bronchial circulation is blank not blank
Systemic, pulmonary
Capillaries totally wrap around the alveolus so the entire alveolus does blank
Gas exchange
Surfactant functions to blank
Decrease surface tension
Fluid in trachea and terminal bronchioles for mucus clearance
Periciliary fluid
Fluid in trachea and terminal bronchioles via goblet cells
Mucus
Fluid that lines epithelium and is antistick and decreases surface tension
Surfactant
Periciliary fluid is maintained by blank secretion and blank absorption
Chloride, sodium
Cells in bronchioles relating to mucus that serves a regenerative function
Clara cells
Surfactant is blank based
Lipid
High volume in lung leads to blank surface tension
High
Low volume of lung results in blank surface tension of surfactant
Low
3 functions of surfactant
Reduce work of breathing, prevent collapse/sticking, reduce surface tension
There are no blank between endothelial cells of lymphatic system
Tight junctions
Lymphatic system has flow in one direction due to blank
Valves
preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of ans to lungs are in blank
central nervous system
pain comes from blank
pleura not lung
important nerves for lung
superior cervical ganglion, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve
parasympathetic causes airway blank, blood vessel blank, and glandular blank
constriction, dilation, secretion
noradrenergic noncholinergic inhibitory innervation causes blank of lungs
relaxation
noradrenergic noncholinergic innervation causes blank of lungs
stimulatory
parasympathetic nt
ach
sympathetic nt
NE
ventilation is controlled by a central pattern generator and has input from the blank and blank
hypothalamus, amygdala
