hemologic and immune pharmothereaputics: anticoagulants Flashcards
1
Q
anticoagulants MOA
A
- prevents clotting by activating antithrombin, thus indirectly inactivating both thrombin and factor Xa
- inhibits fibrin formation
- LMW heparins and activated factor Xa inhibitors only inactivate factor Xa
- stop clot from forming, or getting bigger
2
Q
anticoagulants common anticoagulants
A
- heparin (high alert)
- LMW heparins- enoxaparin, dalteparin (high alert)
- activated factor Xa inhibitor- fonaparainux (high alert)
3
Q
anticoagulants routes
A
sq, Iv (heparin)
4
Q
anticoagulants therapeutic uses
A
- stroke, pulmonary embolism (PE), massive deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- DVT prophylaxis for post surgery
- antifote-protamine sultface 20 mg/min slow IV
5
Q
anticoagulants complications
A
- toxicity
- hemorrhage
- heparin induced thrombocytopenia (less platelets)
- hypersensitivity
6
Q
anticoagulants contraindications
A
- low platelet counts
- surgery
- bleeding disorders
7
Q
anticoagulants interactions
A
- antiplatelets (NSAIDS resveratrol- antiplatelt effects saw palmetto- ditto)
- garlic, ginger, glucosamine, ginkgo biloba (increase risk of bleeding)
8
Q
anticoagulants nursing implications
A
- monitor vital signs
- get baseline platelet count, a PTT, and hematocrit levels- monitor during admin for therapeutic levels
- double check dosage with another nurse
- administer dq injections- rotate sites, use proper techniques
- use safety razors and soft toothbrushes
- monitor or s/s of bleeding
9
Q
anticoagulants pt. teaching
A
- call your provider if you notice s/s of bleeding
- do not take NSAIDS with this medication
- may need to reach self-injection technique
10
Q
lab values: PTT
A
normally 30-40 sec on heparin 60-80 sec
11
Q
platelet count
A
normal 150,000- 450,000
12
Q
thrombosis count
A
< 100,000
13
Q
hematocrit level
A
38%-54% depending on women/men
