cardiovascular: ACE & Calcium blocker

Question 1

ACE inhibitors MOA

Answer 1

cause reduction in the production of angiotension II by blocking the conversion of angiotension I to angiotension II and increasing levels of bradykinin

Question 2

ACE inhibitors

Answer 2

captopril
enalapril
fosinopril 
enaprilat
lisinopril 
ramipril 
moexipril 
benazepril

Question 3

ace inhibiotrs onset, peak, duration, routes

Answer 3

onset: 15-60 min
peak: 60-90 min
duration: 6-12 hours
routes: PO, IV

Question 4

ace therapeutic effects

Answer 4

• vasodilation
• excretion of sodium and water, and retntion of potassium by actions in the kindeys
• reduction in pathological changes in the blood vessels and heart that results from presence of angtiotension 2 and aldosterone

Question 5

ace inhibiotrs are used for

Answer 5

hypertension
heart failure
mi
neuropathy
highrisk cardiovascular events - ramipril used to prevent mi stroke or death

Question 6

ace complications

Answer 6

• orthostatic hypotension
• cough
• hyperkalemia
• renal faliure
• hypersensitivity
• neutropenia

Question 7

ace contraindications

Answer 7

• pregnancy cat d
• hypersensitivety
• bilateral renal artery stenosis or pt with single kidney
• be cautious with kidney impairment pt and collagen vascular disease

Question 8

ace interactions

Answer 8

• diuretics- increase hypotension
• other hypertensitve
• meds that increase potassium
• lithium
• nsaids

Question 9

ace common side effects

Answer 9

hypotension
diziness
cough
taste disturbance
proteinuria
adra

Question 10

calcium channel blocks moa

Answer 10

• dihydrophridines- block calcium channels in the blood vessels which leads to vasodilation of vascular smooth muscle (peripheral arterioles)
• non- dihydropyridine- block calcium channels in the blood vessels in the peripheral vascular smooth muscle and blocks calcium channels in the myocardium ( arterioles) to slow heart rate and conduction through av node (heart and peripheral)

Question 11

calcium channel blocks meds

Answer 11

nifedipine
amlodipine
felodipine
nicardipine
veramil
diltiazem

Question 12

calcium channel blockers onset peak duration routes antidote

Answer 12

onset: Po- 30-60 min, IV 5-15 min
Peak: varies
Duration: varies
Routes: PO,IV
antidote: calcium, glucagon, insulin

Question 13

calcium channel blockers theraputic effects

Answer 13

lowers bp and hr, slows rate of conduction

Question 14

calcium channel blockers used for:

Answer 14

• angina pectoris
• hypertension
• cardiac dysrhythmias

Question 15

calcium channel blockers complications

Answer 15

• reflex tachycardia
• acute toxicity
• orthostatic hypotension
• peripheral edema
• constipation (veramil)
• bradycardia/ heart failure (non- dihydropridines
• dsryhythemuas (non-dihdrophridines)

Question 16

calcium channel blockers contraindications

Answer 16

• cardiogenic shock

- cautious with MI, unstable angina, aortic sentosis, hypotension, sick sinus syndrome 3rd degree heart block

Question 17

calcium channel blockers interactions

Answer 17

• cimetidine, ranitdine, and grape fruit juice- lead to toxicity
• digoxin (verpamil)- can increase levels of dig in system
• beta blocks (concurrent use)- can cause heart failure

Question 18

calcium channel blockers side effects

Answer 18

• headache
• hypotension
• bradycardia
• dizziness, drowsiness
• anxiety
• flushing