Cytotoxic alkylating agents Flashcards
Name the Alkylating agents
Cyclophosphamide
(“Cyclops Polyphemus”)
Busulfan
(“Beautiful sirens”)
Nitrosureas
(“Mustang”)
- Carmustine
- Lomustine
Ifosfamide
Cyclophosphamide
Busulfan
Nitroureas
MOA
alkylating agents donate an alkyl group → DNA cross-links
- cell cycle NON-specific
**Cyclophosphamide is activated by CYP450**
Cyclophosphamide can be used to treat …
treats many hematologic and solid malignancies
- leukemias and lymphomas,
- breast cancer,
- ovarian cancer
(“Torn cancer crab”)
potent immunosuppressive therapy
treatment of
- nephrotic syndrome,
- nephritic syndrome,
- vasculitis,
- autoimmune hemolytic anemia
(“Torn antibody”)
Cyclophosphamide Side Effects
can cause myelosuppression
(“Broken marrow”)
-can cause hemorrhagic cystitis
(“Red urine kid fountain”)
- co-administration of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (MESNA) prevents hemorrhagic cystitis
(“Protective maze surrounding red urine fountain”)
-increases risk of bladder cancer
(“Cancer crab belt buckle”)
- high grade transitional cell carcinoma
can cause hyponatremia due to SIADH
(“Inappropriately wet head”)
-cause infertility and premature menopause
(“Dried up fruit tree”)
Busulfan can be used to treat …
(“beautiful sirens”)
useful as a conditioning agent prior to bone marrow transplantation
(“Severely depleted marrow”)
Busulfan Side Effects
(“Beautiful Sirens”)
-can cause lung toxicity
- acute lung injury
- interstitial fibrosis
- alveolar hemorrhage
-can cause a hyperpigmentation reaction
(“Beautiful TAN sirens”)
Nitrosoureas
Carmustine
Lomustine
(“Mustang Centaurs”)
Streptozotocin
(“Striped zebra centaur”)
are used to treat …
highly lipophilic →cross BBB → treat brain tumors
- glioblastoma multiform
(“Brain tree”)
Nitrosoureas
Carmustine
Lomustine
(“Mustang Centaurs”)
Streptozotocin
(“Striped zebra centaur”)
Side Effects
can cause neurotoxicity
(“Dizzy centaur”)
- convulsions
- dizziness
- ataxia
