Antihypertensives + emergency Flashcards

1
Q

a Diuretic used as a first line agent for treating primary hypertension

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
(may be less effective than chlorthalidone )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What four drug classes are used in the treatment of primary hypertension?

A
  1. Thiazide diuretics
  2. ACE inhibitors
  3. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
  4. Dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Black and elderly patients respond well to which drugs for treatment of primary hypertension ?

A

1) hydrochlorothiazide

2) long-acting dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

first line treatment for hypertension in patients with heart failure, MI, and/or diabetes

A

-ACEi
(“ACE casino tables”)

-angiotensin II receptor blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypertensive emergency occurs when …

A

systolic BP >180 or diastolic BP >120 with end-organ damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

an α- and β-antagonist, can be used for hypertensive emergency

A

Labetalol

(“Alpha and beta organ stops”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Many agents used in hypertensive emergencies are potent…

A

Potent Vasodilators

(“Dilated red smoke stack”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Potent vasodilation (e.g. following hypertensive therapy) may cause …

A

hypotension followed by reflex tachycardia and increased renin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vasodilation (e.g. following hypertensive therapy) reduces…

A

Afterload

(sailor unloads scale)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

IV Ca2+ channel blockers that may be used in hypertensive emergency

A

​Clevidipine
(“clover on nice card”)

Nicardipine
(“nice card”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydralazine can ..

A

dilate arterioles, and decreased after-load via increasing cGMP

  • **has little effect on venous circulation**

cause hypotension, which may induce a reflex tachycardia that can worsen angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hydralazine is often co-administered with a …

A

β-blocker to minimize the reflexive sympathetic activation and tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hydralazine can rarely cause…

A

drug-induced lupus, which may manifest as myalgias, arthralgias, and joint swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what can be combined with Hydralazine in order to treat LV systolic dysfunction?

A

organic nitrate (e.g. nitroglycerin)

  • provides a mortality benefit for some patients with heart failure
  • hydralazine is a vasodilator (decrease afterload), nitrates are venodilators (decrease preload)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nitroprusside can ..

(“Nitro-pressure speedboat”)

A

-cause vasodilation via nitric oxide
(“nitrous oxide exahust”)→increasing cGMP (“grumpy old fart in the water”), which is useful during the treatment of hypertensive emergency

  • causes arteriolar AND venous dilation
    (“both shirt sleeves and pants are dilated “)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nitroprusside side effect

A

cyanide poisoning especially with prolonged use or renal impairment

(“cyanide exhaust pipe gas”)

17
Q

D1 receptor agonist that may be used to treat hypertensive emergency…

A

Fenoldopam

(“Old lady Pam)

18
Q

Fenoldopam is a …

A

D1 receptor agonist that may be used to treat hypertensive emergency by increasing levels of cAMP, causing vasodilation in most arterial beds

  • especially in renal arteries ,coronary, peripheral, and splanchnic vessels
  • ​causes increased excretion of Na+ and water→natriuresis
19
Q

Esmolol And Metoprolol are …

A

Beta-1 antagonists used for hypertensive emergencies.

  • IV beta blockers administration treats hypertensive emergency

(“Muted beta bugle players surrounded by posion ivy”)