9.cephalosporins

Question 1

1st generation cephalosporins

(“LEX”)

Answer 1

Cephalexin

• *Cefazolin
• ——————————————————————————-**
• activity against gram( +)organisms (staph and strep)
• treats cellulitis, abscesses caused by staph and strep
• treats S. pyogenes
• activity against gram (-) UTI bugs (Proteus, E Coli, Klebsiella) 1st gen
• cefezolin for surgical prophylaxis​

Question 2

2nd generation cephalosporins

Answer 2

**Cefoxitin

Cefuroxime

Cefotetan

——————————————————————————–**

-same coverage as 1st gen with extended gram (-) coverage (2nd Gen)

-activity against H. flu, Neisseria, Serratia (HENS)

Question 3

3rd generation cephalosporins

Answer 3

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
——————————————————————————-
-extended gram negative coverage beyond 2nd gen

• ceftriaxone and cefotaxime empiric treatment for meningitis
• activity against H Flu
• treats community and hospital acquired pneumonia
• ceftazidime treats pseudomonas infections
• ceftriaxone treats endocarditis caused by Strep Viridians and HACEK organisms
• activity against gram (-) G.I. bugs
• single dose of IM ceftriaxone is first line txt for gonorrhea
• ceftriaxone treats Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgorferi

Question 4

4th generation cephalosporins

(“prime”)

Answer 4

• *Cefepime
• ——————————————————————————-** -broad spectrum
• *- Pseudomonas** coverage
• *-G+ / G- broad spectrum
• cefepime treatsbacterial meningitis**

Question 5

5th generation cephalosporins

Answer 5

Ceftaroline

-broad spectrum

• Beta-lactamases ineffective against cephalos
  cephalo’s have same adverse effects as penicillin

nephritis
hemolytic anemia
hypersensitivity reaction
cross reactivity with penicillin allergies

cephalosporin’s Resistance is gained by altered PBP’s and extended spectrum beta lactamases