Acetazolamide , Mannitol

Question 1

which drugs act on the Proximal Convoluted Tubule ?

Answer 1

**Acetazolamide

Mannitol**

Question 2

Acetazolamide MOA

Answer 2

Inhibits Carbonic Anhydrase enzyme

• less H+ into the interstitium
• ​Na+/H+ exchanger inhibited

-cause bicarbonate (HCO3-) to stay in the tubular lumen leading to urine alkalization
(“Spilled alkaline substance on inside track”)

-prevent sodium reabsorption leading to natiuresis
(“Dropping salty peanuts on the inside of track”)

(“Acid from battery breaks car battery”)

Question 3

Acetazolamide can be used to treat …

Answer 3

-managment of **glaucoma

-**
managment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension

-treats **mountain sickness

-**
prevents formation of uric acid kidney stones due to increase in pH

Question 4

Acetazolamide side effects

Answer 4

• normal anion gap **metabolic acidosis-type II RTA
• hypokalemia

-**
promote formation of **calcium phosphate stones

-**
Sulfa drug

Question 5

Mannitol Moa

Answer 5

Osmotic Diuretic

Question 6

Mannitol is used to treat …

Answer 6

-increased intracranial pressure
(“High pressure head balloon”)

-increased intraocular pressure
(“Spilled eyeball cups”)

Question 7

Mannitol Side Effects

Answer 7

• can cause pulmonary edema
• exacerbate heart failure
• hypo/hyper natremia