[C] 1.8 Irradiations and electricity as cause of disease Flashcards
Electricity as a cause of disease
- Touching/biting a wire
- Hit by lightning bolt
- Death = Electrocution
Give the influencing factors of electrocution
Influencing factors
- Current intensity, voltage, duration, earthing
- Resistance of the body (skin, wet ground)
As voltage increases…
Resistance decreases
Which current is most dangerous?
Alternating current
not direct current
Medium amperage causes…
Disturbances
- Brain = Loss of consciousness
- Heart failure = Cardiac arrest
Give the pathological signs of electrocution
- Entry: Current marks and arboreal patterns
- The cavity between str. corneum and str. spinosum (of skin)
- Electrolytic effect (direct current)
- Metallisation
- Spastic contractions
- Mechanical changes - secondary shock wave
Arboreal patterns from electrocution are caused by…
m. erector pili
Electrolytic effect
Coagulation, necrosis of tissues
Metallisation
Dispersed metallic particles
Spastic contractions are due to which nerve?
Vagus
Mechanical changes from electrocution
- Fractures of bones
- Ruptures etc.
Irradiation energy
- Electromagnetic rays
- Ultra-short waves
- Infrared waves
- Visible rays
- Ultraviolet rays
- Ionising rays
Ultra-short waves
Microwaves - warming
Infrared waves
- Warm surface radiations
- Capillary dilation - increased metabolic processes
Visible waves
Have psychological effect
UV waves
Biologically pathogenic effect
- Endangered organs: eyes, skin
- Carcinogenic effect
- Photosensibilisation alkaloids in the food
- Photochemical reactions (Vit D)
- Sunlight - dermatitis solaris
Ionising rays
Can be positive or negatively charged
- Effect: Dose, ionisation, penetrability
- Cosmic rays
- Particular radiations
- EM rays (X- and Gamma)
- Abnormal cell division
Ionising radiations with pathogenic effects
- Alpha - Greatest ionising ability - low penetrability
- Beta - Lower ionising ability - High penetrability
Irradiation sickness is split into…
- Phase I
- Phase II
- Phase III
- Phase IV
Pase I irradiation sickness
Initial phase after 1-2 hours
- Dizziness
- Vomiting
- Exhaustion
- Anorexia
- Nervousness
- Alopecia
Pase II irradiation sickness
Latent phase
- 1-2 days without signs
Pase III irradiation sickness
Sickness - After a week
- Bone marrow lesions: Hemopoietic insufficiency
- No phagocytosis, no antibody production
Pase IV irradiation sickness
Breakdown - 4-5 months later
- Diarrhoea
- Anaemia
- Kidney & liver failure
- Malignant tumours
Lesions of radiation in lymphocytes
- Lymphopenia
- Smaller lymph nodes
Lesion of radiation in bone marrow
Hypoplasia
Lesions of radiation in testicles/ovaries
- Atrophia
- Fibrosis
Lesion of radiation in the lens
Opacity
Lesions of radiation in the skin
- Ulcers
- Tumors
Lesions of radiation in cartilage
- Retarded growth
- Malformation of the legs
Lesions of radiation in the fetus
Developmental anomalies
Meteoropathology
Hot/cold fronts
- Is there a connection between the fronts and diseases?
- Colic in horses
- Erysipelas in pigs
External causes of diseases
- Physical effects
- Chemical effects
- Toxicosis
- Biological effects
- Infectious agents
- Virus, bacteria, fungi, prions, protozoa
