[B] 1.48 Atrophy Flashcards
1
Q
Atrophy: Define
A
Decrease the size of an organ or cell by reduction in cell size and/or reduction in cell numbers
Apoptosis
2
Q
Atrophy: Related terms
A
- Hypoplasia
- Failure of normal development of an organ: Developmental anomaly
- Involution
- Physiological atrophy
- Response to decreased body requirement for a cell/organ
3
Q
Give the forms of atrophy
A
- Physiological - Pathological
- Simple - Degenerative
- Reversible - Irreversible
- Regional - Complete
- Numeric atrophy
4
Q
Involution
A
Physiological atrophy
- Embryo/foetus
- Neonate - Botalli’s duct
- Early adult - Thymus
- Adult female - Cyclic changes in the endometrium
- Old age - Endometrium, testicles, bone, cerebrum
5
Q
Pathological atrophy: types
A
- Decreased functions - “Disuse”
- Loss of innervation
- Pressure atrophy
- Lack of nutrient supply
- Blood supply disturbances
- Disturbances of endocrine stimulation
- Atrophy due to drug application
6
Q
Pathological atrophy example: Decreased function - Disuse
A
Muscle atrophy in fractured limbs
7
Q
Pathological atrophy example: Loss of innervation
A
- Injury
- Inflammation
- Tumours of nerves
8
Q
Pathological atrophy example: Pressure atrophy
A
- External
- Bed sores
- Internal:
- Tumours
- Parasites
- CSF-accumulation
9
Q
Pathological atrophy example: Lack of nutrient supply
A
Cachexia
10
Q
Pathological atrophy example: Blood supply disturbances
A
Thrombosis
11
Q
Disturbances of endocrine stimulation
A
Skin atrophy in Cushings disease
12
Q
Pathological atrophy example: Atrophy due to drug application
A
Topical steroids
13
Q
Diagnostic hints
A
- Consider the age of the animal
- More sharp edges of organs, darker muscle, harder to tear parenchymatous organs
- Size of an organ is not decreased
- Atrophied tissue is replaced by another Tissue
- Muscular pseudohypertrophy
- Atrophied tissue is replaced by another Tissue
