[C] 1.42 Proliferative changes during regeneration. Fibrosis, elastosis, fibroelastosis, reticulosis, cirrhosis Flashcards
Reaction from the organism
Effect of the stimuli & pathogens
- Circulatory disturbances
- Regressive changes
-
Proliferative changes
- Mitosis
- Few cycles
- Stops after cells have finished their duty
- Mitosis
Mitotic activity of difference cells
- Stem cells
- Labile cells (epithelial cells)
- Vegetative intermitotic
- Stabile cells (hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelium)
- Reversible postmitotic
- Permanent cells (nerve cells, striated muscle)
- Fix postmitoticus
Cellular proliferative changes in local proliferative processes
- Mononuclear cells
- Monocytes
- Reticulum cells
- Lymphoid cells
- Macrophages
- Ectodermal cells in local processes
- In skin & epidermis
- In brain: gliac cells, astrocytes
Difference cells during regeneration
- Histiocytes
- Lymphoid cells
- Firbroblasts
Histiocytes during regeneration
- Large numbers after 12-24 hours
- Fix or mobile forms
- From endothelium or from MPS cell
- From bone marrow through the blood
Lymphocyte during regeneration
- In lymphoid organs (primary or secondary)
- Solitaire or in groups
- Contact with antigen - differentiation
- Circulation and recirculation
Fibroblasts during regeneration
- Following chronic stimuli
- Produces fibres - Connective tissue
- Angiofibroblast tissues
- Granulation tissue
- Mature connective tissue
- Scar tissue
Diffuse proliferative changes in local proliferative processes occur in…
- Mononuclear-phagocyte system (MPS)
- Phagocytes
Diffuse proliferative changes in local proliferative processes: Mononuclear-phagocyte system (MPS)
- Part of the immune system
- Proliferate
- Clear
- Removal & absorption
- Phagocytosis
- Produces antibody
Diffuse proliferative changes in local proliferative processes: Phagocytes
- Microphages (granulocytes)
- Macrophages
Signs of regeneration activity
Phagocytic activity increases:
- Basophilic cytoplasm
- Vacuolisation
- Chromatin structure rearrangement
- Different shape
- Mitosis
- Reactive reticulosis
- Activation: Endothel & reticulum cells
Components of the extracellular matrix (stroma/interstitium):
- Fibres (Collagen, elastin, reticular)
- Proteoglycans (Chondroitin sulphate)
- Glycoproteins (Fibronectin, laminin)
Changes of the extracellular matrix (stroma/interstitium)
- Increased or decreased amount
- Changes of the proteoglycans & glycoproteins
- Pathological mucus production
- Changes of the fibres
- Fibrosis
- Elastosis
- Fibroelastosis
- Reticulosis
- Sclerosis
Fibrosis (overview)
Proliferation of the collagen
- Sometimes the proteoglycans also proliferate at the same time
- Increased amount of the stroma
- Requires vitamin C
Forms of fibrosis
Relative:
- Degeneration of the parenchyma
Absolute:
- In case of inflammatory processes
- Due to ischaemia