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Pathology A - General Pathology > [B] 1.62 Actinobacillosis, actinomycosis > Flashcards

[B] 1.62 Actinobacillosis, actinomycosis Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriology of Actinomyces bovis

A
  • Gram + Rod - Forming filaments
  • Blood agar:
    • Slow-growing
    • Produces wrinkled “molar tooth” colonies
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2
Q

A. bovis: Location and route of entry to the body

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Intestines
  • Urogenital system

Enter the body through injuries:

  • Changing of teeth
  • Sharp parts of plants
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3
Q

A. bovis: From the point of infection

A
  • Invasion of deeper tissues
  • Characteristic alterations - usually in bones (jaw)
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4
Q

A. israeli affects which species?

A

Human

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5
Q

Formation of lumpy jaw from the point of infection

A
  • Infection
  1. Bacilli divide → Serous exudate & neutrophil → Lysis
  2. Incorrect osteoclast & osteoblast activity
  3. Spongiform bone formation + Purulent softening “Sulphur granules”
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6
Q

“Sulphur granules”

A
  • A. bovis: In the centre network of filamentous branching threads
  • Gram +
  • Radially arranged clubs
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8
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresi: General bacteriology

A
  • Cattle & other ruminants
  • Gram -, rods or filaments
  • Facultative pathogen - present on mucousa
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9
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresi: Injuries of the oral cavity/skin

A
  1. Injuries of the oral cavity/skin
  2. Invasion, carried by the lymph
  3. Characteristic alterations in soft tissues (Udder, tongue, skin etc)
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10
Q

Actiobacillotic/actinomycotic nodule

A
  • Multiple, pea-sized nodules, sharply demarcated
  • Yellow/brown granulation tissue (colour by lipoid granule containing histiocytes)
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11
Q

A. lignieresi: Lesions formed

A
  • Actiobacillotic nodule
  • Tumour like growth
  • Abscess formation
  • Sclerotising form
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13
Q

A. lignieresi: Tumour-like growth

A

Actinobacilloma

  • Consequence of extreme granulation
  • Egg-sized
  • Cut surface:
    • Soft
    • Grey-yellow
    • Bulging out
    • Miliary foci of pus
    • Firm connective tissue capsule
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14
Q

A. lignieresi: Abscess formation

A

Histiolysis increases

  • Capsule
  • Granulation tissue
  • Dense & viscous pus containing sulphur granules
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15
Q

A. lignieresi: Scleroitc form

A

Healing

  • Diffuse
  • Overgrowth of connective tissue
  • Grey-white, Firm
  • Scattered foci (Sulphur granules)
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16
Q

Actiobacillotic/actinomycotic nodule: Steps of formation

A

Site of infection:

  1. Bacilli divide
  2. Serous exudate & neutrophil → Lysis
  3. Granulation tissue → Connective tissue
  4. Capsule
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17
Q

Actinobacillar nodules: If pathogens afe killed

A
  1. Graduation tissue penetrates towards the centre
  2. Small fibrotic connective tissue or complete healing
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21
Q

Glanders: Overview

A

“Malleus”, “Farcy”

Caused by Burkholredia mallei

  • Gram -, strict aerobic, non-motile
  • Zoonotic (Biological warfare agent)
22
Q

Glanders: Location

A
  • Asia
  • Eastern Europe
23
Q

Glanders: Susceptible species

A
  • Horses,
  • Carnivores
  • Small ruminants
  • Human
  • Guinea pig
24
Q

Glanders: Route of infection

A
  • Per os, skin, conjunctiva, aerogenic
  • Contaminated food, carcasses of infected animals
25
Q

Glanders: Pathogenesis

A
  1. Per os uptake: Primary complex in the alimentary tract
  2. Early generalisation: Lung, spleen & liver
  3. Late generalisation: Septicemia, nasal mucosa, skin
  4. Death
26
Q

Glanders: Forms

A
  • Acute form
  • Chronic form
27
Q

Glanders: Acute form

A
  • Donkey, mule, certain horse breeds, carnivores
  • Septicaemia, pneumonia
28
Q

Glanders: Lesions on the nasal mucosa

A
29
Q

Glanders: Chronic form

A
  • Certain horse breeds
  • Granulomatosis lesions in the lung, nasal mucosa and skin
30
Q

Glanders: Lesions

A
  • Granulomatosis form
    • Granuloma - Necrotised centre with calcium salt deposition
  • Exudative form: Bronchopneumonia
31
Q

Glanders: Forms

A
  • Predominantly proliferative form
  • Predominantly exudative form
32
Q

Glanders: Predominantly proliferative form

A
  • Proliferative process
    • Collagenous connective tissue
    • Histiocytes and giant cells
33
Q

Glanders: Predominantly exudative form

A
  • Mostly in the lungs
  • Exudative process
  • Serofibrinous inflammation around the pathogens
  • Necrosis soon after (caryorhexis)

Pathology A - General Pathology (85 decks)

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