[B] 1.9 Inadequate oxygen and water supply

Question 1

List the inadequate oxygen supply types

Answer 1

• Suffocation (asphyxia)
• Hypoxaemia
• Hypoxia
• Hypercapnia

Question 2

Suffocation

Answer 2

Lack of air

Question 3

Hypoxaemia

Answer 3

Insufficient saturation of the blood

Question 4

Hypoxia

Answer 4

Insufficient saturation of the tissues

Question 5

Hypercapnia

Answer 5

Increased CO₂ levels in the tissue

Question 6

List the reasons for hypoxaemia

Answer 6

• ↓ Hb saturation
• Hb incompetent for oxygen change (CO poisoning)
• ↓ Hb
• IC respiratory enzymes inhibited (HCN)
• Paralysis of resp. and/or vasomotor centre
• Blockage in circulation/resp. tract

Question 7

Compare Haemoglobin and Methaemoglobin

Answer 7

Question 8

Give the pathological signs of suffocation

Answer 8

• Dark, unclotted blood
• Petechial haemorrhages
• Acute lung hyperaemia + oedema
• Acute dilation of the heart
• Acute emphysema

Differentiate from septicaemia

Question 9

After suffocation, where may petechial haemorrhages be located?

Answer 9

• Serosal membranes
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Heart

Question 10

Give the disturbances in water supply

Answer 10

• Exsiccosis/dehydration
• Hyperhydration (water toxicosis)

Question 11

Causes of Exsiccosis

Answer 11

• Lack of water intake
  
  • Fluid loss never stops
  • Relatively high mineral content, pH shift
• Increased fluid loss
  
  • Vomiting, diarrhoea, perspiration

Question 12

Hyperhydration

Answer 12

• Normal kidney
• Loss of minerals + electrolytes