[B] 1.7 Low temperature as a cause of disease

Question 1

Effects of low temperature

Answer 1

• Local effects
  
  • Contraction of vessels
  • Local ischaemia
  • Frostbite
• General effects
  
  • Gangrenous lesions
  • Necrosis
    
    • Toxaemia

Question 2

Give the degrees of frostbite

Answer 2

• Bluish-red, swollen - C. erythematosa (1st degree)
• Vesication, oedema - C. bullosa (2nd degree)
• Necrosis - C. escharotica (3rd degree)
• Gangrene - C. gangrenosa (4th degree)

Question 3

Apart from at freezing point, when can frostbit occur?

Answer 3

Wet, windy surroundings

• Piglet with diarrhea
• Protruding body parts

Question 4

Hypothermia causes

Answer 4

• Failure of heat regulation (around 35°C)
• Predisposing factors (Diarrhoea, bleeding)
• 27-30°C : Vital functions stop
• 20-25°C : Death
• Susceptible species: Pig, rabbit, dog

Question 5

The BAT has…

Answer 5

Great metabolic activity

Question 6

Defence mechanisms against falling body temperature

Answer 6

• Contraction of muscles
• Vasoconstriction in the skin
• Increased metabolism
• Shallow and quick respiration

Question 7

Baby pig disease

Answer 7

Acute hypoglycaemia of the newborn pigs

• Fatal if untreated
• Cold, starvation

Question 8

Importance of newborns in low temperature

Answer 8

• Heat regulation is not perfect
• Body surface is relatively large