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Pathology A - General Pathology > [A] 1.46 Regeneration of connective tissue and blood vessels. Wound healing > Flashcards

[A] 1.46 Regeneration of connective tissue and blood vessels. Wound healing Flashcards

1
Q

Which connective tissues can be regenerated?

A
  • Fibrous CT
  • Elastic CT
  • Cartilaginous tissue
  • Bone
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2
Q

Regeneration of fibrous connective tissue in the blood vessels

A

Completed by:

  • Rouget cells: Multipotent cells of the adventitia
  • Scattered undifferentiated cells of organs

Almost unlimited process

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3
Q

Angiofibroblast tissue

A
  • Composed of fibroblasts
  • Produce new vessels from:
    • Endothelium of capillaries
    • Adventitia of surrounding blood vessels
  • New vessels provide fibroblasts with nutrients
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4
Q

Summarise fibroblasts

A
  • Elongated or stellate shape
  • Hugh proliferative capability
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5
Q

Fibroblast maturation

A

Fibroblast → Fibrocyte

  • Elongation and darkening
  • Tropocollagen exits the fibroblasts
  • Tropocollagen → fibrils → fibres
  • Fibres thicken
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6
Q

Blood vessel healing

A

Angiogenesis - only the capillaries

  1. Solid cell bundles on the wall of blood vessels
  2. Canal formation - central cavity develops, communicating with the capillary lumen
  3. Endothelium formation
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7
Q

Regeneration of elastic fibrous connective tissue

A

Similar to collagen fibrous connective tissue

  • Elastic fibres will be produced
  • First appearance in 4 weeks
  • More limited
    • Wont reach original elasticity
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8
Q

Regeneration of cartilaginous tissue: Overview

A
  • Requires intact perichondrium to regenerate
    • Production of fibrous connective tissue

Limited regeneration capacity

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9
Q

Regeneration of cartilaginous tissue: Steps of the process

A
  1. Secretion of ICM
  2. Fibre production
  3. Chondroblasts → Chondrocytes
  4. Hyalinisation of IC substance
  5. Healing complete
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10
Q

Types of injury to the bone

A
  • Fracture
    • Complete - Simple, multiple
    • Incomplete - Fissure, impression

Fracture results in formation of a callus

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11
Q

Callus:

  • Define
  • Give the types
A

The bony healing tissue forming around the ends of a broken bone

Types:

  • Periostal (periosteum)
  • Cortical (compacta)
  • Endostal
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12
Q

Primary regeneration of the bone: Healing types

A
  • Contact healing
  • Fissure healing
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13
Q

Primary regeneration of the bone: Contact healing

A
  • No gap between the broken ends
  • No blood clot formed, fast, no callus
  • Osteoblasts from the adventitial of cortical blood vessel
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14
Q

Primary regeneration of the bone: Fissure healing

A
  • Narrow fissure
  • Osteoblasts from the periosteal and endosteal blood vessels
  • No callus
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15
Q

Secondary regeneration of bone

A

Separated fractured bone ends

  • Limited movement
  • Angiogen callus production
  • Fibrous union (scar tissue)
  • Unsatisfactory end-result
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16
Q

Give the steps of fracture healing

A
  1. Hematoma (Btw. broken ends)
  2. Connective tissue callus
  3. Osteoid/cartialgenous callus
  4. Provisional osteoid callus
  5. Permanent osteoid callus
17
Q

What occurs in the connective tissue callus?

A
  • Angiofibroblast proliferation
  • Macrophage activity
18
Q

What occurs in the osteoid/cartilaginous callus?

A
  • Osteoblast activity
  • Hyalin cartilage formation
19
Q

What occurs in the provisional osteoid callus?

A

Gradual fusion “Framework”

20
Q

Permanent osteoid callus

A

Final lamellar bone

21
Q

Regeneration of the vessels

A
  • Only in capillaries
  • (see angiofibroblast)
  • Large blood vessels
    • Cut wall united by connective tissue
    • Scar
    • Covered by endothel and adventitia
    • Adventitia and intima are thickened
22
Q

Wound healing is either…

A
  • First intention wound healing
  • Second intention wound healing
23
Q

First intention wound healing

A

Sanatio per primam intentionem

  • No/minimum tissue loss
  • No/minimal bacterial contamination
  • Edges brought together
  • Cuts, surgical wounds with stitches
24
Q

Second intention wound healing

A

Sanatio per secundam intentionem

  • Major tissue loss
  • Granulation tissue fills gap
  • Epithelisation
  • Vulnerable lighter area with no hair follicles
25
Q

Give the regenerative processes after injury

A
  1. Haemostasis - immediate
  2. Inflammation - 24-96hrs
  3. Proliferation - angiogenesis, epithelisation
  4. Remodelling - 3-4 weeks
26
Q

Factors affecting wound healing

A
  • Wound location, blood supply, mechanical trauma
  • Age & nutrition
  • Drugs
  • Foreigin bodies, infections, tumours
  • Autoimmune diseases, obesitas

Pathology A - General Pathology (85 decks)

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