[C] 1.27 Pathological mucus production and pathological changes in the mucosubstance

Question 1

Mucus

Answer 1

Viscous, transparent, jelly-like substances

• Containing water
• Neutral & acido mucopolisaccharides & proteins attached

Question 2

Give the types of mucus

Answer 2

• Mucus
• Pseudomucus
• Paramucus
• Mucoid

Question 3

Pseudomucus

Answer 3

Has a resistance against acetic acid

Question 4

Paramucus

Answer 4

Tannin precipitating

Question 5

Mucoid

Answer 5

• Glycosaminoglycans
• Mucicarmic staining: Red
• Tionin, toluidine blue: Red

Question 6

Mucus of epithelial origin

Answer 6

Physiologically:

• Mucous gland, goblet cells

Pathologically:

• Mucositis, catarrhal inflammation of mucosal membranes
• Dying cells: Mucus globule
• Basement membrane rupture: Mucus granuloma
• Carcinoma gelatinosum

Question 7

Mucin

Answer 7

Epithelial origin

• Stomach, intestine, airways
• Normosecretio
• Hyposecretio
• Hypersecretio
  
  • Inflammation

Question 8

Mucin by E.coli

Answer 8

Enteropathogenic E. coli-caused enterotoxaemia = (Coli diarrhoea)

Question 9

Effect of enteropathogenic E. coli exotoxins

Answer 9

• ST & LT proteins
• Effect on the enterocytes:
  
  • ↓ Na⁺ absorption
  • ↓ Peristalsis
  • ↑ Na⁺, Cl^- & HCO₃ excretion
  • ↑ Mucus production
  • Enterosorption!

Question 10

Mucoid from the connective tissue

Answer 10

• Glycosaminoglycans
• Physiologically: Umbilical cord
• Thyroid hypofunction
  
  • ↑ Hyaluronic acid & chondroitin sulphate
  • ↓ Dermatan sulphate production
    
    • Causes increased water binding → Myxoedema
• Nodular, tumor-like thickening in rabbits
  
  • Myxomatosis (viral disease)