[A] 1.75 Metastasis Flashcards
What is metastasis?
Cells coming from the primary tumour will reach other organs in the body
- Cells then adhere and start to proliferate
- Develop autonomous, secondary neoplasia
- Serve as a site of new metastatic activity → Generalisation
Metastasis: Overview
- Most important factor of prognosis
- Usually causes the death of the patient (not the primary tumour)
Give the classifications of metastasis
- Local/peritumoral (next to the tumour, in the original tissue)
- Regional (In sentinel lymph nodes)
- Distant
Anaplastic metastasis
- Usually, the metastatic tissue is the same as the primary neoplasia
- Sometimes atypia occurs
Prosoplasia
Metastasis is better differentiated than that of anaplastic metastasis
Give the routes of metastasis
- Hematogenous
- Lymphogenous
- Lymphohaematogenous
- Intracanalicular (Implantation/inoculation)
- Diaplacentar
Hematogenous metastasis
Via circulation
- Characteristic to sarcomas
- Usually invades veins
- 5 types:
- Vena cava type
- Vena portae type
- Vena pulmonalis type
- Vena hepatica type
- Paravertebral type
Vena cava type metastasis
Right side of the heart → Lungs
Vena portae type metastasis
→ Liver capillary system
Vena pulmonalis type metastasis
Primary lung tumour to left side of heart → Large circulation
Vena hepatica type metastasis
Primary liver tumour → Caudal vein → Lungs
Paravertebral type metastasis
Retrograde
Through plexus venosus paravertebralis → Vertebral venous plexus → Vertebrae, skull, limbs
Lymphogenous metastasis
Via lymphatic vessels
- Characteristic to carcinomas
- Physiologically, lymphatic circulation is unidirectional
Steps of lymphogenous metastasis
- Sentinel lymph node
- Cells reaching the lymph node either die or proliferate
- Micro-/macrometastasis
During lymphogenous metastasis, biopsy of the sentinel lymph node will show…
Staging
