3.2 Interactionists On Crime

Question 1

(How groups are labelled deviant) Becker sad social groups create deviance by making what?

Answer 1

Laws which infraction constitutes deviance

Question 2

(How groups are labelled deviant) Becker - moral entrepreneurs lead what?

Answer 2

Moral crusades to change the law

Question 3

(How groups are labelled deviant) these law changes create a group of outsiders and social control agencies do what?

Answer 3

Impose label on offenders

Question 4

(Who gets labelled) what 3 things does a person being labelled depend upon?

Answer 4

Their interactions with the police
Background
Circumstances of the offence

Question 5

(Who gets labelled) Cicourel - police typifications of a typical offender contained what?

Answer 5

A class bias

Question 6

(Who gets labelled) Cicourel - the class bias is reinforced by prohibition officers believing what?

Answer 6

Delinquency is caused by poverty and broken homes

Less likely to support non custodial sentences for children from these backgrounds

Question 7

(Who gets labelled) Cicourel - why is justice negotiable?

Answer 7

Middle class less likely to be arrested as they don’t fit the typifications

Question 8

(Who gets labelled) strength - criticise the stats for underestimating the extent of what?

Answer 8

Middle class crime

Question 9

(Who gets labelled) criticism - fails to explain the cause of what?

Answer 9

Typifications

They may be more likely to be seen as delinquent because they are

Question 10

(Labelling) what does lemert talk about?

Answer 10

Primary and secondary deviance

Question 11

(Labelling) Lemert - what is primary deviance?

Answer 11

Deviant acts not publicly labelled
Widespread and trivial
Don’t affect self concept

Question 12

(Labelling) Lemert - what is secondary deviance?

Answer 12

Deviance from social reaction
Labelling leads to being stigmatised and excluded
Possibly becoming master status

Question 13

(Labelling) if an individual allows a label to become part of their self concept what can happen?

Answer 13

Self fulfilling prophecy occurs
Leading to deviant career
And deviant subculture

Question 14

(Labelling) what did Young talk about?

Answer 14

Deviancy amplification

Question 15

(Labelling) Young - deviancy amplification occurs as groups are targeted leading to what?

Answer 15

Widened difference and a deviant subculture

Question 16

(Labelling) what example did young use to illustrate deviancy amplification?

Answer 16

Hippies and drug use

Question 17

(Labelling and CJS) Triplett talked about the increased tendency to see young offenders as what?

Answer 17

Evil

Resulting in less tolerance to minor crime e.g. Truancy

Question 18

(Labelling and CJS) harsher consequences have what effect on deviance?

Answer 18

Increase it

Question 19

(Labelling and CJS) crime can be reduced by doing what?

Answer 19

Making and enforcing fewer laws

Question 20

(Labelling and CJS) braithwaite talked about reintergrative shaming what is this?

Answer 20

Labelling the crime not the offender so they still see the impact but are not excluded
Avoiding deviancy amplification

Question 21

Strengths - shows we all commit deviant acts not just who?

Answer 21

Abnormal individuals portrayed in the media

Question 22

strengths - show what can change?

Answer 22

Laws

Question 23

Strengths - explain why patterns appear in the stats how?

Answer 23

Socially constructed 
High proportion of working class males due to the law being enforced in discriminatory ways

Question 24

Strengths - show attempts to control deviance can do what?

Answer 24

Worsen it

Question 25

Weaknesses - the emphasis on labelling portrays the offender as what?

Answer 25

A victim

Ignoring real victims and removing blame

Question 26

Weakness - assumes offenders passively do what?

Answer 26

Accept labels

They may actively choose deviance

Question 27

Weakness - does not explain what type of deviance?

Answer 27

Primary

Question 28

Weakness - doesn’t explain where what come from?

Answer 28

Typifications

Question 29

Weakness - where would Marxists say typifications come from?

Answer 29

The ruling class having the power to label people as deviants and outsiders