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A Level Sociology > 3.2 Functionalists on Crime & Deviance > Flashcards

3.2 Functionalists on Crime & Deviance Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what did Durkheim see crime as?

A

good and inevitable for society

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2
Q

why is crime inevitable (D)?

A

you cannot socialise everyone perfectly

not everyone will agree with authority and the value consensus

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3
Q

what is a society of saints? (D)

A

a society in which there is no crime committed

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4
Q

why would there still be deviance in a society of saints? (D)

A

there will always be something classed as unacceptable e.g. bad manners would become an offence

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5
Q

crime is functional (D) as it promotes social solidarity and strengthens bonds, how?

A

shared outrage

us and them response

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6
Q

crime is functional (D) as it reinforces collective conscience, how?

A

by telling us what is right and wrong

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7
Q

crime is functional (D) as it maintains boundaries, how?

A

it reinforces the line of acceptable and unacceptable

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8
Q

what is public degradation (Erikson)?

A

when members of a community participate in the confrontation of a criminal

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9
Q

(Erikson) public degradation was formerly carried out as public punishments, such as:

A

hangings

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10
Q

(Erikson) how is public degradation carried out today?

A

public trials and media coverage

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11
Q

(Erikson) give some examples of shifting boundaries: (things formerly as bad, but not now)

A

homosexuality
divorce
single parenthood

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12
Q

crime is functional (D) as it can be a warning of what?

A

something wrong e.g. anomie

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13
Q

what is anomie?

A

sense of normlessness

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14
Q

how might anomie lead to crime?

A

people don’t know how to behave

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15
Q

crime is functional (D) as it is the start of social change, give an example:

A

the suffragettes

marches, protests and illegal acts to gain attention

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16
Q

crime is functional (D) as it is a safety valve, how?

A

minor crimes allow people to let off stem preventing worsening crime

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17
Q

what did Davis say about prostitution?

A

safety valve

outlet for men, less threatening to the family unit

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18
Q

what are some strengths of Durkheim’s argument?

A

explains why crime is good and inevitable

societies perspective - social impact of crime

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19
Q

(weaknesses) what doesn’t Durkheim’s argument explain/consider?

A

why crime is committed
negative effects of crime
why certain groups commit crime

20
Q

Merton’s strain theory argues deviance occurs due to strain between what?

A

accepted goals in society and the legitimate means to achieve them

21
Q

(M) what is the main goal in America?

A

American dream - money and success

22
Q

(M) what are the means of achieving the American dream?

A

education and a good career

23
Q

(M) why is there a strain between the goals and means in American society?

A

not everyone has an equal chance

24
Q

(M) why doesn’t everyone have an equal chance?

A

differences in access to education and money

some people are born into the dream

25
Q

(M) the strain can create what?

A

anomie - normlessness

26
Q

(M) how does American society create criminals?

A

emphasis on getting rich

27
Q

(M) What do conformists do?

A

Accept the goals and the means

28
Q

(M) Are conformists deviant?

A

No

29
Q

(M) Give examples of conformists:

A

Doctors

Lawyers

30
Q

(M) What do innovators do?

A

Accept the goals

Reject the means

31
Q

(M) Why are innovators deviant?

A

They bend rules to make money

32
Q

(M) Which groups are typical criminals?

A

Innovators

33
Q

(M) Give an example of an innovator:

A

Drug dealer

34
Q

What do ritualists do?

A

Don’t accept the goals

Accept the means

35
Q

(M) why are ritualists deviant?

A

Low ambitions in a society of achievers

36
Q

(M) Give examples of ritualists:

A

Mundane jobs

37
Q

(M) what do retreatists do?

A

Don’t accept the goals

Don’t accept the means

38
Q

(M) why are retreatists deviant?

A

Don’t work

Drop out of society

39
Q

(M) give examples of retreatists:

A

Homeless

Addict

40
Q

(M) what do rebels do?

A

Don’t accept mainstream goals and means

Make their own

41
Q

(M) why are rebels deviant?

A

They seek a different society

42
Q

(M) give examples of rebels:

A

Campaigners

Revolutionaries

43
Q

What does Merton assume?

A

Everyone wants to be rich and successful - nurses, charity workers

44
Q

(Merton) why is this theory not relevant today for everyone?

A

From the 30s

45
Q

What does mertons theory help explain?

A

Why people commit utilitarian crime

46
Q

What doesn’t Mertons theory explain?

A

Non utilitarian crimes

47
Q

Merton - is everyone willing to commit crime to get rich?

A

No

A Level Sociology (90 decks)

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