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A Level Sociology > 1.2 Demography - Birth & Fertility Rate > Flashcards

1.2 Demography - Birth & Fertility Rate Flashcards

1
Q

How are family and population closely linked?

A

The more families there are the bigger the population

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2
Q

What is demography?

A

The study of populations and their characteristics

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3
Q

What are some characteristics of a population?

A

Size

Age structure

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4
Q

What factors most directly affect population size?

A

Birth rate
Death rate
Life expectancy
Migration

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5
Q

What factors cause increased population size?

A

Birth rate

Life expectancy

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6
Q

What factors cause decline in population?

A

Death rate

Migration

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7
Q

(Birth rate) What is the birth rate?

A

The number of live births per 1000 women aged 15-44 per year

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8
Q

(Birth rate) If the birth rate continues to fall what will happen to population size by 2041?

A

It will decrease as the death rate will increase

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9
Q

(Birth rate) Why is the population set to rise?

A

Migration

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10
Q

(TFR) What are the two factors determining the birth rate?

A

Number of women of childbearing age

How fertile they are

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11
Q

(TFR) What is the total fertility rate?

A

The average number of children a woman will have during her fertile years

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12
Q

(TFR) What has happened to the TFR since 2001?

A

Risen

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13
Q

(TFR) In 2001 the TFR was at what?

A

Lowest it has ever been - 1.63 children per woman

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14
Q

(TFR) By 2014 the TFR was what?

A

1.9

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15
Q

(TFR) The TFR is much lower than what?

A

In the past

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16
Q

(TFR) Liverpool Victoria building society - what is the estimated cost of raising s child to 21?

A

£180000

17
Q

(TFR) The first year of a child’s life will cost parents how much?

A

£8000

18
Q

(Family size) What has happened family size?

A

Decreased

19
Q

(Family size) In 2012 the average family size was what?

A

1.71 dependent children

20
Q

(Family size) What is the average family size for married couples?

A

1.79 dependent children

21
Q

(Family size) What is the average family size for lone parents?

A

1.59 dependent children

22
Q

(Family size) What is the average family size of cohabiting couples?

A

1.62 dependent children

23
Q

(Family size) Married couples have larger family sizes as they are usually older and are likely to have completed what?

A

Childbearing

24
Q

(Family size) More women are remaining what?

A

Childless

25
Q

(Family size) Of the women born in 1982 how many women were childless by their 30th?

A

Half

26
Q

(Family size) Of women born in 1952 how many were childless by their 30th?

A

One third

27
Q

(Family size) Of women born in 1927 how many were childless by their 30th?

A

One quarter

28
Q

(Family size) What might some explanations be for the increase in women remaining childless?

A 
Education
Careers
Delaying marriage
Property - getting on the housing ladder
First ensuring financial stability
29
Q

(Family size) What does Susanne whiting say regarding class and ethnicities effect on family?

A

Ethnicity impacts on the family size - black and Asian groups have bigger families
Class differences disappeared

30
Q

(Age of marriage) What has happened to the age of marriage?

A

Increased

31
Q

(Age of marriage) What was the average age of marriage in 1970?

A

22 for women

24 for men

32
Q

(Age of marriage) What was the average age of marriage now?

A

30 for women

32 for men

33
Q

(Age of marriage)How can increase in age of marriage be explained?

A

Cohabitation
Changing attitudes
Changing position of women - education
Cost of weddings

34
Q

(Age of childbearing) fertility rates are rising for all groups except who?

A

Women under 20

35
Q

(Age of childbearing) the largest rise in fertility is for women over what?

A

40

36
Q

(Age of childbearing) what might some explanations for these be?

A

Increase in education
Middle class women having kids later
Individualisation

A Level Sociology (90 decks)

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