2.2 Patterns in gender inequality

Question 1

(work) over the past 40 years what has happened to the number of women in employment?

Answer 1

increased

Question 2

(work) what differences exist between men and women in employment?

Answer 2

the work they do
how much work they do
their pay and conditions

Question 3

(work) ONS - which occupations do women dominate?

Answer 3

caring and leisure

Question 4

(work) ONS - who make up the majority of the top 10% of earners for all employees?

Answer 4

men

Question 5

(work) men tend to work in professional occupations associated with what?

Answer 5

higher levels of pay

Question 6

(work) women are less likely to be upwardly mobile and are more likely to be what?

Answer 6

downwardly mobile

Question 7

(work) savage found men were how much more likely to climb the career ladder?

Answer 7

40%

Question 8

(work) Li and Devine found black African and Caribbean women have experienced how much of a fall in full time employment?

Answer 8

15-20%

Question 9

(work) how many Bangladeshi men and women work part time?

Answer 9

one third

Question 10

(work) what are the 4 causes of gender inequality the Fawcett society identify?

Answer 10

discrimination
unequal caring responsibilities
divided labour market
men in senior roles

Question 11

(work) how does discrimination lead to gender inequality?

Answer 11

women are paid less for the same work

54000 women are forced to leave their job early each year due to poor treatment after having a baby

Question 12

(work) how do unequal caring responsibilities lead to gender inequality?

Answer 12

women have more responsibility caring for kids and elderly relatives so more women work part time with fewer progression opportunities

Question 13

(work) how does the divided labour market lead to gender inequality?

Answer 13

women likely to be in low paid and skilled jobs
80% working in low paid care sector are women
women make up 60% of those earning less than living wage

Question 14

(work) how does men in most senior roles contribute to gender inequality?

Answer 14

men make up majority of those in high paid senior roles e.g. just 5 female CEOs in the FTSE 100

Question 15

(Gender pay gap) what is the gender pay gap?

Answer 15

Women can expect to earn less than men

Current gap for full time workers is 13.9%

Question 16

(Income and wealth) what percent of women have persistent low income?

Answer 16

22%

Question 17

(Income and wealth) what percent of men have persistent low income?

Answer 17

14%

Question 18

(Income and wealth) what percent of people on minimum wage are women?

Answer 18

70%

Question 19

(Income and wealth) how much of the worlds wealth do women own?

Answer 19

1%

Question 20

(Poverty) women represent what percent of the worlds poor?

Answer 20

70%

Question 21

(Poverty) what percent of children in lone parent families are poor?

Answer 21

52%

Question 22

(Poverty) what percent of lone parent families are headed by women?

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

(Poverty) trusses group - how does poverty affect women differently?

Answer 23

Many women will go hungry to feed their children

Question 24

(Poverty) what study did the Joseph rowntree foundation do?

Answer 24

Women in poverty

Question 25

(Poverty) JRF - the women saw poverty as what type of issue?

Answer 25

Human rights issue

Question 26

(Poverty) JRF - women often sacrificed what?

Answer 26

Basic needs for their family

Question 27

(Poverty) JRF - women felt poverty affected their ability to what?

Answer 27

Be good parents - couldn’t provide small luxuries

Question 28

(Poverty) JRF - poverty caused the women to have low what?

Answer 28

Self esteem and confidence

Question 29

(Poverty) JRF - the women felt disrespected and socially what?

Answer 29

Isolated

Question 30

(Poverty) JRF - financial insecurity meant lack of opportunity to do what?

Answer 30

Improve situation

Question 31

(Men) family - what did warin find men were under pressure to do?

Answer 31

Provide for their family

Question 32

(Men) family - in the study in hartlepool why did the men feel frustrated?

Answer 32

Unemployed or disabled

Frustrated they couldn’t live up to expectation of being the breadwinner

Question 33

(Men) work- men dominate which jobs?

Answer 33

Lowest paid and least security most dangerous jobs

Question 34

(Men) health - how much longer are women likely to live?

Answer 34

4 years

Question 35

(Men) health - what sort of issues are men more likely to have?

Answer 35

Drug or alcohol issues

Question 36

(Men) education - who outperforms at all levels?

Answer 36

Girls

Question 37

(Men)education - who are the largest underachieving group?

Answer 37

White working class boys