1.1 Culture

Question 1

What does culture include?

Answer 1

• norms
• values
• customs
• traditions
• roles

Question 2

What does culture connect?

Answer 2

An individual to the rest of society

Question 3

What does culture teach a person?

Answer 3

How to fit in and relate to other people

Question 4

How do we gain culture?

Answer 4

We learn it

Question 5

What are values?

Answer 5

Something seen as good and worth striving for

Question 6

What do values provide the basis for?

Answer 6

Norms

Question 7

What are universal values? Give an example:

Answer 7

Values shared by most societies, for example most societies value human life

Question 8

What are culturally relative values?

Answer 8

Values that differ from society to society

Question 9

Give an example of culturally relative values:

Answer 9

• in the UK individual achievement, wealth and democracy are valued, however in other societies such as communist societies, these things wouldn’t be valued rather equality and such things would be

Question 10

What are norms?

Answer 10

Rules for expected behaviour in particular situations

Question 11

What are norms based on?

Answer 11

Values

Question 12

Are norms relative?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

What does relative mean?

Answer 13

Varies overtime and between cultures

Question 14

Give an example of how norms have changed over time:

Answer 14

• in previous decades smoking was seen as good or cool and smoking in public places was acceptable
• now to smoke is seen as less acceptable especially in public places

Question 15

Give an example of a study showing norms varying between societies:

Answer 15

Margaret meads study on male and female behaviour expectations

Question 16

In Margaret Mead’s study what did the Arapesh tribe show?

Answer 16

Both sexes were gentle and cooperative (feminine)

Question 17

In Margaret Meads study what did the Mundugumor tribe show?

Answer 17

Both sexes were violent and aggressive (masculine)

Question 18

In Margaret Meads study what did the Tchambuli tribe show?

Answer 18

• complete gender reversal in comparison to the western world
• women were dominant and aggressive with little involvement in raising children
• men were timid and emotionally dependant and spent much time decorating themselves

Question 19

What are breaking the norms seen as?

Answer 19

Deviant

Question 20

What is intracultural diversity?

Answer 20

Variations within cultures, for example subcultures

Question 21

What is intercultural diversity?

Answer 21

Variations between cultures

Question 22

Give examples of intercultural diversity:

Answer 22

The Na:
•highly value religion
•norms include living with siblings and raising children together
•practice walking marriages
The San:
•value land and nature due to connections with their ancestors
•nuclear families are the norm
•all adults are responsible for the children

Question 23

What is status?

Answer 23

Peoples standing in the eyes of others

Question 24

What is status determined by?

Answer 24

The prestige or respect attached to an individual’s position e.g doctor

Question 25

What does the term ascribed status mean?

Answer 25

A status that is fixed at birth

Question 26

What does the term achieved status mean?

Answer 26

A status gained through effort

Question 27

What are roles?

Answer 27

Patterns of behaviour expected of a position in society

Question 28

What can roles be?

Answer 28

Ascribed or achieved

Question 29

Give an example of an ascribed role:

Answer 29

• daughter

- son

Question 30

Give an example of achieved roles:

Answer 30

Occupational roles

Question 31

What is culture?

Answer 31

The whole way of life of a society or social group