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A Level Sociology > 3.2 Crime & Deviance, Police Stats > Flashcards

3.2 Crime & Deviance, Police Stats Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is crime?

A

A wrong act punishable by law e.g. Robbery

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2
Q

What is deviance?

A

Breaking social norms e.g. Wearing a bin bag to work

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3
Q

What is social order?

A

General conformity to norms and values

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4
Q

What is social control?

A

The processes, mechanisms and institutions persuading us to conform

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5
Q

Give an example of formal social control?

A

Police - laws

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6
Q

Give an example of informal social control-

A

E.g. Gossip

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7
Q

Functionalists see social order and control as what and why?

A

Good

Without it there wouldn’t be value consensus and society would fall apart

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8
Q

The new right see society as already falling apart so what is needed?

A

Strict rules and control

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9
Q

Marxists and feminists see social order and control as just enforcing what?

A

The norms of one group at the expense of others

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10
Q

(Official stats) according to the stats who are most likely to commit crime?

A

Young working class males

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11
Q

(Official stats) who produce the official crime stats?

A

Police
Courts
Prisons

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12
Q

(Official stats) what are the 5 stages of a crime getting in to the stats?

A
  1. Detection (recognising the crime)
  2. Reporting crime
  3. Police record the crime
  4. Crime cleared up (solved)
  5. Offender caught & punished
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13
Q

(Police stats) strengths - they are easy to what?

A

Access as they are already compiled

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14
Q

(Police stats) strengths - the police figures are up to date and what s?

A

Standardised

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15
Q

(Police stats) strengths - it is easy to see what?

A

Trends and make comparisons

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16
Q

(Police stats) strengths - they are large scale covering what?

A

The whole population- representative

17
Q

(Police stats) strengths - why can we see trends and patterns overtime?

A

They go back many years

18
Q

(Police stats) strengths - they don’t raise what type of issue?

A

Ethical issues

19
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - what crimes do the stats not include?

A

Undetected and unrecorded crime

20
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - why might victims not report crime to the police?

A

Embarrassment

Or they don’t detect a crime has been committed

21
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - police have what d over recording crime?

A

Discretion

22
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - why might police not record a crime?

A

Petty crime

Or reoccurring calls e.g. Same couple having fights

23
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - the stats don’t provide a complete picture of what?

A

Each crime or criminal e.g. Employment status

24
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - why may accuracy of the stats vary between areas?

A

Crackdown on certain areas or particular targets

25
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - if a crime has been recently publicised what is likely to occur?

A

More reports of this crime as people recognise it as a crime

26
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - they aren’t always comparable over time as changes can occur in what?

A

Laws or definitions

27
Q

(Police stats) weaknesses - why might some crimes disappear from the stats?

A

Pressure on the police to meet certain targets

28
Q

(Stats) what is the dark figure of crime?

A

Undetected, unreported and unrecorded crime not included within the stats e.g. Petty theft, assault, domestic violence, rape

29
Q

(Manipulation of police stats) what is coughing?

A

Police encourage offender to admit to a series of less serious offences in return of a reduced sentence to improve clear up rate

30
Q

(Manipulation of police stats) what is cuffing?

A

Crimes reported and initially recorded are removed from the stats

31
Q

(Manipulation of police stats) why might cuffing occur?

A

Officers deciding they didn’t believe the complaint

Reassessing the offence to improve figures

32
Q

(Manipulation of police stats) skewing involves forces putting what?

A

Resources into particular areas or crimes affecting other areas

33
Q

What did James Patrick gave evidence to the parliamentary committee over his concerns about what?

A

Manipulation of police crime stats

Serious sexual offences were no crimed

34
Q

What happened to James patrick?

A

Disciplined by the police force and left his job

35
Q

What perspectives would believe the stats?

A

Functionalists

New right

36
Q

What perspectives would question the stats?

A

Marxists

Interactionists

A Level Sociology (90 decks)

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