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A Level Sociology > 2.2 Marxists & Weber on Class Inequality > Flashcards

2.2 Marxists & Weber on Class Inequality Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

(Marxists) which two social classes is society divided into?

A

Bourgeoisie owning means of production

Proletariat workers selling their labour

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2
Q

(Marxists) Bourgeoisie owning means of production gives them what?

A

power and control over institutions e.g. politics, education to instill their ideology

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3
Q

(Marxists) what is their between the bourgeoisie and proletariat?

A

conflict of interests

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4
Q

(Marxists) the workers create wealth but what happens to it?

A

only a fraction is repaid in the form of surplus value

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5
Q

(Marxists) the bourgeoisie aim to do what?

A

drive wages down and keep profits high

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6
Q

(Marxists) what did Marx say would happen to capitalism?

A

it would suffer a series of contradictions which would lead to it’s downfall

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7
Q

(Marxists) what contradictions did Marx say capitalism would suffer?

A

polarisation of social classes
alienation
economic crisis

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8
Q

(Marxists) what is polarisation of social classes?

A

Growing divide between the bourgeoisie and proletariat as they tried to drive down wages and increase profits

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9
Q

(Marxists) what is alienation?

A

Workers would be dissatisfied having no control over their work
Encouraged to find satisfaction in consumer goods

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10
Q

(Marxists) in the economic crisis what would lead to the collapse of the capitalist system?

A

Series of booms and busts

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11
Q

(Marxists) for the capitalist system to collapse what do the proletariat have to develop?

A

Class consciousness and act as a revolutionary force to overthrow capitalism

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12
Q

(Marxists) what prevents the proletariat overthrowing the bourgeoisie?

A 
False class consciousness 
Ruling class ideology justifying capitalism and its inequality
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13
Q

(Marxists - criticisms) who did Marx ignore?

A 
A middle class
He focused on the B and P
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14
Q

(Marxists - criticisms) what had happened to the middle class?

A

It has expanded in size and importance

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15
Q

(Marxists - criticisms) what is their little sign of in western societies?

A

Class consciousness

There are fewer strikes, trade union memberships are declining

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16
Q

(Marxists - criticisms) Marx proposed capitalism would eventually collapse, but what has actually happened?

A

In most western societies the working class enjoy rising living standards and more access to consumer goods

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17
Q

(Marxists - strengths) what did westertgaard argue there was little evidence of?

A

Class divisions disappearing there are still a bourgeoisie owning most of the wealth and the divide has grown

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18
Q

(Marxists - strengths) What has happened to the middle class?

A

Proletarianisation

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19
Q

(Marxists - strengths) braverman argues what has happened to middle class workers?

A

They have been deskilled - their skills have been programmed into machines

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20
Q

(Marxists - strengths) the deskilling of the middle class reduces their control and leads to what?

A

Lower wages

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21
Q

(Neo-Marxism) what concept did Gramsci develop?

A

Hegemony

22
Q

(Neo-Marxism) what does hegemony explain?

A

Why the proletariat have not developed class consciousness and revolted

23
Q

(Neo-Marxism) what is hegemony?

A

The point at which ruling class ideology is seen as common sense

24
Q

(Neo-Marxism) what do the ruling class rule by?

A

Persuasion

25
Q

(Neo-Marxism) how do institutions help rule by persuasion?

A

Education and the media persuade the proletariat that capitalism is just and fair and inequality is inevitable

26
Q

(Neo-Marxism) why did Gramsci argue hegemony is never complete?

A 
The working class experience exploitation and alienation
Many have dual consciousness they are to some degree aware of the inequalities of capitalism
27
Q

(Marxism - evaluation) how does the fall of communism and removal of the stature of Lenin suggest Marxism doesn’t have relevance?

A

Removal of statue of leader of communist revolution implies we don’t want revolution and more equal society

28
Q

(Marxism - evaluation) how is Marxism still relevant in relation to garment workers in Bangladesh?

A

They earn far below the living wage and work in appalling conditions for up to 16 hours a day
Demonstrating polarisation

29
Q

(Weber) what did Weber argue the 3 dimensions to stratification were?

A

Social class
Status
Party

30
Q

(Weber) how did Weber define class?

A

Group sharing a similar market situation sharing similar life chances

31
Q

(Weber) what did Weber agree with Marx on? But what else did he identify?

A

Agreed there was a major division between owners of factories and workers but he said there were other social classes

32
Q

(Weber) what were the 4 social classes identified?

A

Propertied upper class
Property less white collar workers
Petty bourgeoisie
Manual working class

33
Q

(Weber) who are the propertied upper class?

A

Wealthy owners of big business

34
Q

(Weber) who are the property less white collar workers?

A 
Middle class
Those with educational qualifications putting them in a better market situation than manual workers
35
Q

(Weber) who are the petty bourgeoisie?

A

Owners of small businesses

36
Q

(Weber) who are the manual working class?

A

Those with poorest market situation

No wealth of educational qualifications

37
Q

(Weber) what is status?

A

Social honour

How much respect a person receives from others seen as inferior

38
Q

(Weber) in capitalist societies what is closely linked?

A

Class and status

Wealth is a major source of status

39
Q

(Weber) Weber suggested in some cases an individual might develop an identity based on what?

A

Status rather than class

40
Q

(Weber) how might some with low class achieve high status?

A

Sporting achievements or charity work

41
Q

(Weber) Weber said although people may not be class conscious what are they usually aware of?

A

Their status situation

They usually identify with those of a similar status

42
Q

(Weber) what are parties?

A

Groups concerned with exercising power or influencing decision making

43
Q

(Weber) give examples of parties:

A

Political parties
Trade unions
Pressure groups e.g. Greenpeace
Status groups e.g. Stonewall

44
Q

(Weber - criticisms) what do marxists say focusing on multiple classes does?

A

Obscures the main division between the bourgeoisie and proletariat

45
Q

(Weber - criticisms) marxists argue status divisions between members of the proletariat are encouraged as what?

A

A means of divide and rule

46
Q

(Weber - strength) how have webers ideas influenced classification?

A

Many sociologists adopt a multi class model rather than a Marxist 2 class model

47
Q

(Weber - criticisms) how have Weber a ideas influenced research?

A

Ideas of social class and life chances has influenced much research

48
Q

(Weber - criticisms) how have Weber’s ideas influenced new social movements?

A

Social class has become less important and movements have arisen such as the women’s movement and environmentalism

49
Q

(Postmodernism) argue what is happening to class?

A

Losing its significance

50
Q

(Postmodernism) Marx and Weber’s theories are what?

A

Meta narratives
No longer relevant
People now see themselves as individuals

51
Q

(Postmodernism) beck argues in society most people have enough to do what?

A

Satisfy material needs e.g. Food and clothing

52
Q

(Postmodernism) beck says this leads to focus on what?

A

New problems/ risks

E.h. Global warming which affects people of all classes

A Level Sociology (90 decks)

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