1.1 Ethnicity & Identity

Question 1

what is an ethnic group?

Answer 1

a group with shared culture based on common origin

Question 2

give some examples of cultural characteristics:

Answer 2

where we come from, religion, language, skin colour, customs

Question 3

what do cultural characteristics affect?

Answer 3

who we are and how we see ourselves

Question 4

people in minority groups often have a keen awareness of their own cultural traditions, creating a common what?

Answer 4

Ethnic identity

Question 5

in the 50s/60s what did many people do?

Answer 5

migrated to Britain from commonwealth countries

Question 6

(socialisation) Guhmann argues Asian families socialise their children into what?

Answer 6

pattern of obligation, loyalty and religious commitment

Question 7

(socialisation) Guhmann says the mother tongue was seen as important in Asian families, maintaining links where?

Answer 7

between the generations

Question 8

(socialisation) Guhmann says Izzat was taken seriously, what is this? and emphasis was placed on what?

Answer 8

Izzat - family honour

emphasis placed on behaviour of daughters

Question 9

(socialisation) Guhmann noted 3 issues causing tensions between Asian parents and children in regard to cultural identity, what were these?

Answer 9

western clothing (especially for girls)
arranged marriages
question of freedom

Question 10

(resistance or hybridity) religion - Jacobson studies young Pakistanis and found they see Islam as what?

Answer 10

crucial in creating their identity

Question 11

(resistance or hybridity) religion - Jacobson found Islam had a strong impact on identity in which areas?

Answer 11

diet
worship
dress
behaviour
everyday life

Question 12

(resistance or hybridity) religion - Jacobson found for many Islam played a role in identity in response to what?

Answer 12

feeling excluded from white British society

Question 13

(resistance or hybridity) religion - studies have shown increase in what relating to Islam?

Answer 13

young Muslim women wearing the hijab

greater identification with global Muslim community

Question 14

(resistance or hybridity) religion - identity relating to religion may be a form of resistance to what?

Answer 14

racism and exclusion

Question 15

(resistance or hybridity) media - Gilroy argues young black people often adopt identities based on what?

Answer 15

influential media role models such as 50 cent

Question 16

(resistance or hybridity) media - Gilroy found gangsta rap had been a powerful influence on young black people, often symbolising what?

Answer 16

opposition to white society

Question 17

(resistance or hybridity) media - Gilroy argued experience of racism can be more important than what in creating a ‘black’ identity?

Answer 17

country of origin

Question 18

(resistance or hybridity) - expansion of the EU means growing numbers of ethnic minorities are what?

Answer 18

white with ethnic origin from eastern Europe

Question 19

(resistance or hybridity) - there is evidence ethnic minorities from eastern Europe are experiencing what?

Answer 19

issues with resentment and discrimination

Question 20

(changing ethnic identities) Brah identified dual identities what are these?

Answer 20

where British Asians have a number of identities depending on who they are with - family, friends

Question 21

(changing ethnic identities) Brah said young people can code switch - what is this?

Answer 21

they behave one way with family and another with peers

Question 22

(changing ethnic identities) Brah said code switching can avoid what?

Answer 22

conflict at home and discrimination at school

Question 23

(changing ethnic identities) Brah said most young British Asians find ways to do what?

Answer 23

successfully negotiate their own identity - as do all young people living in a globalized and hybrid culture like the UK

Question 24

(changing ethnic identities) Back found new hybrid identities emerging amongst who?

Answer 24

young white, Asian and black people on a council estate in London

Question 25

(changing ethnic identities) Back said the young people tried out what? what did he mean by this?

Answer 25

cultural masks

experimenting with different styles and symbols, not just following their cultural traditions

Question 26

(changing ethnic identities) what did Back find amongst the young people from ethnic groups?

Answer 26

a lot of friendships and borrowing from other groups e.g. slang terms, music tastes

Question 27

(changing ethnic identities) Back said the new identities the young people had forged achieved what?

Answer 27

bringing black and white people closer together

Question 28

(changing ethnic identities) Second and third generation minority ethnic groups are developing what?

Answer 28

new and more fluid identities

Question 29

(changing ethnic identities) Postmodernists would say hybrid identities have been created by which approach to identity construction?

Answer 29

pick and mix

Question 30

(changing ethnic identities) Marxists would argue ethnicity and race are still what?

Answer 30

sources of discrimination which hugely affect identity