Wine Law Flashcards
What is the OIV
International Organization of Wine
How does the OIV define wine
Partial or complete alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes whether crushed or not, or of grape must
min 8.5% min actual alcohol content
What is the EU general alcohol rante for wine
8.5%-15%
What is the current US definition of Wine
products made from grapes and other fruits containing not more than 24% abv
The US allows products from 15-24% abv to be labeled as wine, the EU does not. T/F?
TRUE
In what year did the EU allow wine above 15% abv to be exported to Europe as wine
2006
Many Chablis Growers planted with this grape following Phylloxera
Tressalier (high yielding)
What are “direct producers”
hybrids of American vine species or American and vinifera vines. Cheaper solution to phylloxera than grafting.
Examples of Direct producers (hybrid grapes):
Noah
Othello
Clinton
Baco
Couderc Noir
These hybrid grapes were banned due to fears that they contained toxic levels of methyl alcohol
Noah
Othello
When did Algeria gain independence from France
1962: brought collapse of their wine industry
What are vins médecins
Thin wines of Bordeaux were often corrected by wines of Midi, Spain, or Algeria in the late 1800s
What is the Griffe Law of 1889
Wine is the product of fermentation of fresh grapes and outlining acceptable winemaking practices and additives
What is the law of 6 May 1919?
defined appellations d’origine legally in France
Who is Baron Le Roy of Chateau Fortia
Established framework for first AOC in 1936 Chateauneuf du pape
In what year was the Comité National des Appellations d’Origine founded
1935
What year was the INAO founded
(Comite National des Appellations d’Origine)
1947
What year was the VDQS introduced
1949
(Vin Delimite de Qualite Superieure)
Phased out 2011
What year was VDP established in France
1979
What is encepagement
Grape varieties in a vineyard
What is assemblage
composition of a final wine
What is Blocage
The right to withold wines from the marketplace
What is the Prix Social
France fixed minimum prices on wine from 1931-35
What is law 930 in Italy
Passed in 1963
DOC System
DOCs must be established for a minimum of this years before petitioning for DOCG
Five
What does Amaro and Granato mean?
Amaro: Bitter
Granato: Garnet colored
This body determines a DOCG or DOC restrictions
Disciplinare di Produzione
What is law 164 in Italy
Gorias law 1992
What is Anreicherung
German word for Chaptalization
In 1971 law, German wines could be divided into these two categories
Naturweine
Verbesserte (“improved” wine, or Chaptalized wine)
Why was the VDP formed in 1910
dedicated to the production of Naturwein, appeared until prohibited by 1971 German Wine Law (Deutscher Weingesetz)
What exactly is a Bereiche?
A District
Gemeinde are towns within
What year were Sachsen and Salle Unstrut added as anbaugebeits in Germany, becoming the 12th and 13th
1990
What year was Eiswein added as a category in Germany
1982
These terms were eliminated by 1971 German Wine law
Edelberrenauslese
Naturwein
Feine
Germany’s “IGT”
Landwein (1982)
Germany’s “Vino” or table wine
Deutscher Wine
When the EEC (European Economic Community) was founded in 1957, CAP and CMO were organized. What are they
CAP: Common Agricultural Policy
CMO: Common Market Organization (1962)
Original Members of the EEC (1957)
France
Italy
West Germany
Luxembourg
The CMO of 1970 established by the EEC creted these categories :
QWPSR
Quality wines produced in a specific region
Table Wine
QWPSR (1970, EEC) included these categories of Italian and French wine
AOC
DOC
in 1976, the EEC reformed its wine CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) with a ban on this
Planting Rights
A grower could not plant or replant vineyard without legal right to do so. From 1999 onward, rights to plant were bought and sold by member state governments
What year did the EEC become the EU
1993
What years did Greece, Spain and Portugal join the EU
Greece 1981
Spain 1986 (DOC system retooled in 1996)
Portugal 1986
What was the old name of the Portugese appellation system before they joined the EU in 1986
Regiao Demarcada system
All systems in EU nations were broadly defined by two wine categories
QWPSR
Table wine
QWPSR
Table Wines with and without Geographical Ingications are now this
PDO
PGI
Wine
What is National Envelope funding?
EU grants funding to each member nation for promotion of wine in third party countries and for modernization at home
per EU standards, can producers use oak chips and rectified concentrated grape must?
YES
In wines without Geographical Indication**
Grape must must be crystalline form
Per EU standards, Chaptalization is permitted in these percentages
Climate Zone A: Max 3% adjustment (Germany, UK, Czech republic)
Climate Zone B: Max 2% adjustment (Alsace, Champagne, Loire, Austria)
Climate Zone C: Max 1.5% adjustment (Bordeaux, Burgundy)
EU RS levels:
Dry: 0-4 g/l or 9 g/l if TA is within 2 g/l of RS
Demi sec: 4-12 g/l (or 9-18 g/l)
Moelleux/Amabile: 12 / 18-45 g/l
Doux/Dolce/Edes: >45g/l
Austria prohibits grape names on labels that may confuse a consumer in this way:
Blaufrankisch
Weissburgunder
(sounds like it is from another country)
Italy only approves these grapes for varietal labeling (none are italian origin)
Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay
Merlot
Sauvignon Blanc
Syrah
This Margaux Growth produced a wine in the IGT category
Chateau Palmer (Third Growth)
“Historical XIXth Century Wine”
Nineteenth century wine
Two categories (2009) EU for Wines with Geographical origin
PDO (protected designation of origin)
PGI (protected geographical indication)
Though EU standarts for vintage and variety are 85%, the US and EU have an agreement that allows for this
The American standard: 75%
A PDO must have this:
100% grapes from exclusive area
production takes place there
obtained from vitis vinifera or hybrid of vinifera and another species of the genus vitus
PGI must have this:
85% of grapes used come from the area
production takes place there
obtained from vine varieties belonging to vitis vinifera or hybrid of vitis vinidera and another species of genus vitis
PGI and PDO wines must state PGI or PDO on the bottle: T/F
TRUE: with the exceptions of these wines
Champagne
Cava
Madeira
Port
Asti
Sherry
Franciacorta
Marsala
Samos
Commandaria
The EU recognizes these New World Appellations as PDOs
Valle dos Vinhedos (Brazil)
Altos de Pintos Bandeira DO (Brazil)
Napa Valley AVA
In what year did the EU sign a bilateral agreement for the following New World countries to protect them legally:
USA
Canada
Chile
South Africa
(Australia not protected)
USA: 2006
Canada: 2003
Chile: 2002
South Africa: 1999
in this year, the PDO defined “traditional terms” (AOC, DOC/DOCG, DO/DOCa)
Council Regulation 479
2008
What is Germany and Austria’s PDO equivalent
gU
geschutze Ursprungbezeichnung
What is Hungary’s equivalent of a PDO
OEM
Oltalom Alatt allo Eredetmeghelolesek
What is the UK PDO equivalent
Quality Sparkling WIne
What is the UK PGI equivalent
Regional Sparkling Wine
What is the hungarian term for PDO
Minoségi bor
Védett eredetü bor
Prior to CAP reforms, the INAO approved AOC regulations, and this organization administered Vin de Pays and Vin de Table categories.
VINIFLOR
What is the largest private organization in Italy that assumes the regulatory role of the conzorzi
Valoritalia
What are the “drys”
The dry states:
left over from the Volstead act: 18th amendment that started prohibition in 1920 and ended with the 21st amendment in 1933
What was the first state to ratify the 18th amendment, and remained dry until 1966
Mississippi
This state prohibited sales of all alcoholic beverages until 1987
Kansas
What is the FAA act
1935 passed to set federal definitions and guidelines for the production, taxation and sale of alcoholic beverages. Today these laws are primarily enforced by the Department of the Treasury’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, the **TTB. **
in this state, the state is the sole wholesaler and retailer of spirits and wine
Pennsylvania
PA Liquor control board
In this state, the State controls liquor, and leaves wine and beer to the private sector
Iowa
This state completely controls all distribution and retail sales of alcoholic beverages
Utah
What is the exception to purchasing liquor from a non state run liquor store
If beer is under 4% abv
What is the current list of “control states” in the US (state run monopolies controlling the sale of alcohol)
Oregon
Idaho
Montana
Wyoming
Utah
Iowa
Michigan
Ohio
Mississippi
Alabama
North Carolina
West Virginia
Virginia
Pennsylvania
New Hampshire
Vermont
Maine
How many license states are there in the USA (freer private market)
33
What is the new York beverage control orginization, issues lisences to private entities
SLA
State Liquor Authority
What is a tied house
When there is vertical integration or obvious incentive to sell as much as a producers products as possible who is offering the retailer kickbacks
what is the FAA act and how does it relate to tied houses
makes it unlawful for any manufacturer to induce any retalier to purchase products to the exclusion of others
furnishing, lending, giving, renting
Difference between tied house laws and three tier system:
Tied house laws govern how suppiers interact with retaliers to prevent undue influence
Three tier system is a licensing reginme that dictates who can sell to and purchase from whom, for tax purposes and to create an orderly system
This state allows liscenced winegrowers to sell products they make to consumers and retailers without going through the wholesale tier
California
Does federal law require use of the three tier system?
NO
What is vertical integration in the three tier system
When there is ownership in more than one tier
What are at rest laws
require that alcoholic beverages produced outside the state rest at an in state warehouse for a minimum period of time before going to retail
what is a wine francise law
gives wholesalers in-state exclusivity over the beverage brands they represent, while limiting suppiers ability to terminate relationships with their state wholesalers.
Benefits larger distributors
In New York, the same discount structure must be offered by law, regardless of channel. T/F
TRUE
Price discount by channel is not legal there
What is the New York State “post and hold” law
requires wholesalers to post prices and honor them for a period of one month
Battipaglia vs State Liquor Authority
What is ballot 1183 in Washington State
in 2011, ended Washington’s run as a liquor control state and allowed retailers to purchase alcohol directly from producers
The first state to do so in the US*
How many US states permit wineries to sell directly
35
When was the National Minimum Drinking Age Act passed?
1984
What are blue laws
Puritanical relics: no purchasing beer on sunday, for example
What are SIP laws
prohibit selling alcohol to intoxicated people
These are the only states that don’t have dram shop liability laws in the US
Delaware
Kansas
Maryland
Nebraska
Nevada
South Dakota
Virginia
Is corkage legal in all 50 states?
NO
is consignment legal federally?
NO
Though it is common, it violates the FAA act.
This state has a 10 day payment period before delinquent, afterwhich accounts are reported to the state
Florida
Max amount of liquor poured in a beverage in Utah
2.5 oz
Does the TTB (Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau) responsible for enforcing laws that regulate the retail tier?
NO
only wholesale
When was the TTB established, changed from the ATF
2002, under the Homeland Security Act
What is COLA
Certification of Label Bottle Approval
TTB grants it before any wine enters the marketplace
When does Contains Sulfites have to be on a label in the US
containing more than 10ppm
All wines in the US under Federal law must have this on a bottle of wine
Type of wine
brand name
bottlers name and address
alcohol content by volume
net contents of the container
Surgeon Generals Health Warning
Contains Sulfites (for more than 10ppm)
Wines above 14% abv may state a range of this %
2%
wines of 14% and below may state a range of this % abv
3%
(11-14%)
Wines with 14% or less abv can use these terms and omit a percentage under federal law
Table wine
Light wine
Under federal law, if multiple counties or states are listed, the label must indicate this
The exact % of grapes from each county or contiguous state
Under federal law, what % of a wine has to be a vintage if vintage labeled
85%
95% if labeled with an AVA
These states may only include grapes from the listed state
California
Oregon
These AVAs are under conjunctive labeling laws where the AVA must be labeled with both the Nested AVA and the larger AVAs name
Napa Valley
Paso Robles
Sonoma County
Monterey County
Lodi
under federal law, when can “Estate bottled” be used
When wine is labeled with an AVA
winery is located in that same AVA
winery owns or controls the vineyard
winery crushed, fermented finished and bottled the wine on the same property.
WInery must have total viticultural control under a leasing agreement for at least three years
100% organic wine:
No added sulfites, only organically grown grapes
Organic:
at least 95% organically grown grapes
no added sulfites
Any added yeasts must be certified organic
Made with organically grown grapes:
At least 70% organically grown grapes and may contain up to 100ppm of sulfites from sulfur dioxide. Added yeasts need not be organic
what was the VQA act (1999) in Canada
affects wine labeling, appellation control and wine standards.
What is the name for the regulatory wine authority for Ontario
VQA Ontario
In this year, British Columbia introduced the Wines of Marked Quality regulation and created the British Columbia Wine Authority
2005
Do BC and Ontario VQA appellations have any affilliation?
NO. they are governed by different legislation
In what year were Icewine regulations introduced under the Canada Agricultural Products act?
2014
Grapes naturally frozen on the vine
What year were Sachsen and Salle Unstrut added as anbaugebeits in Germany, becoming the 12th and 13th
1990
