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A Master 2.0: You've got This!!! > Wine Law > Flashcards

Wine Law Flashcards

1
Q

What is the OIV

A

International Organization of Wine

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2
Q

How does the OIV define wine

A

Partial or complete alcoholic fermentation of fresh grapes whether crushed or not, or of grape must

min 8.5% min actual alcohol content

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3
Q

What is the EU general alcohol rante for wine

A

8.5%-15%

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4
Q

What is the current US definition of Wine

A

products made from grapes and other fruits containing not more than 24% abv

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5
Q

The US allows products from 15-24% abv to be labeled as wine, the EU does not. T/F?

A

TRUE

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6
Q

In what year did the EU allow wine above 15% abv to be exported to Europe as wine

A

2006

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7
Q

Many Chablis Growers planted with this grape following Phylloxera

A

Tressalier (high yielding)

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8
Q

What are “direct producers”

A

hybrids of American vine species or American and vinifera vines. Cheaper solution to phylloxera than grafting.

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9
Q

Examples of Direct producers (hybrid grapes):

A

Noah
Othello
Clinton
Baco
Couderc Noir

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10
Q

These hybrid grapes were banned due to fears that they contained toxic levels of methyl alcohol

A

Noah
Othello

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11
Q

When did Algeria gain independence from France

A

1962: brought collapse of their wine industry

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12
Q

What are vins médecins

A

Thin wines of Bordeaux were often corrected by wines of Midi, Spain, or Algeria in the late 1800s

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13
Q

What is the Griffe Law of 1889

A

Wine is the product of fermentation of fresh grapes and outlining acceptable winemaking practices and additives

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14
Q

What is the law of 6 May 2019?

A

defined appellations d’origine legally in France

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15
Q

Who is Baron Le Roy of Chateau Fortia

A

Established framework for first AOC in 1936 Chateauneuf du pape

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16
Q

In what year was the Comité National des Appellations d’Origine founded

A

1935

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17
Q

What year was the INAO founded
(Comite National des Appellations d’Origine)

A

1947

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18
Q

What year was the VDQS introduced

A

1949

(Vin Delimite de Qualite Superieure)

Phased out 2011

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19
Q

What year was VDP established in France

A

1979

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20
Q

What is encepagement

A

Grape varieties in a vineyard

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21
Q

What is assemblage

A

composition of a final wine

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22
Q

What is Blocage

A

The right to withold wines from the marketplace

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23
Q

What is the Prix Social

A

France fixed minimum prices on wine from 1931-35

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24
Q

What is law 930 in Italy

A

Passed in 1963
DOC System

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25
Q

DOCs must be established for a minimum of this years before petitioning for DOCG

A

Five

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26
Q

What does Amaro and Granato mean?

A

Amaro: Bitter
Granato: Garnet colored

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27
Q

This body determines a DOCG or DOC restrictions

A

Disciplinare di Produzione

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28
Q

What is law 164 in Italy

A

Gorias law 1992

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29
Q

What is Anreicherung

A

German word for Chaptalization

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30
Q

In 1971 law, German wines could be divided into these two categories

A

Naturweine
Verbesserte (“improved” wine, or Chaptalized wine)

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31
Q

Why was the VDP formed in 1910

A

dedicated to the production of Naturwein, appeared until prohibited by 1971 German Wine Law (Deutscher Weingesetz)

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32
Q

What exactly is a Bereiche?

A

A District

Gemeinde are towns within

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33
Q

What year were Sachsen and Salle Unstrut added as anbaugebeits in Germany, becoming the 12th and 13th

A

1990

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34
Q

What year was Eiswein added as a category in Germany

A

1982

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35
Q

These terms were eliminated by 1971 German Wine law

A

Edelberrenauslese
Naturwein
Feine

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36
Q

Germany’s “IGT”

A

Landwein (1982)

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37
Q

Germany’s “Vino” or table wine

A

Deutscher Wine

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38
Q

When the EEC (European Economic Community) was founded in 1957, CAP and CMO were organized. What are they

A

CAP: Common Agricultural Policy
CMO: Common Market Organization (1962)

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39
Q

Original Members of the EEC (1957)

A

France
Italy
West Germany
Luxembourg

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40
Q

The CMO of 1970 established by the EEC creted these categories :

A

QWPSR
Quality wines produced in a specific region

Table Wine

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41
Q

QWPSR (1970, EEC) included these categories of Italian and French wine

A

AOC
DOC

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42
Q

in 1976, the EEC reformed its wine CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) with a ban on this

A

Planting Rights

A grower could not plant or replant vineyard without legal right to do so. From 1999 onward, rights to plant were bought and sold by member state governments

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43
Q

What year did the EEC become the EU

A

1993

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44
Q

What years did Greece, Spain and Portugal join the EU

A

Greece 1981
Spain 1986 (DOC system retooled in 1996)
Portugal 1986

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45
Q

What was the old name of the Portugese appellation system before they joined the EU in 1986

A

Regiao Demarcada system

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46
Q

All systems in EU nations were broadly defined by two wine categories

A

QWPSR
Table wine

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47
Q

QWPSR

Table Wines with and without Geographical Ingications are now this

A

PDO

PGI

Wine

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48
Q

What is National Envelope funding?

A

EU grants funding to each member nation for promotion of wine in third party countries and for modernization at home

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49
Q

per EU standards, can producers use oak chips and rectified concentrated grape must?

A

YES

In wines without Geographical Indication**
Grape must must be crystalline form

50
Q

Per EU standards, Chaptalization is permitted in these percentages

A

Climate Zone A: Max 3% adjustment (Germany, UK, Czech republic)
Climate Zone B: Max 2% adjustment (Alsace, Champagne, Loire, Austria)
Climate Zone C: Max 1.5% adjustment (Bordeaux, Burgundy)

51
Q

EU RS levels:

A

Dry: 0-4 g/l or 9 g/l if TA is within 2 g/l of RS
Demi sec: 4-12 g/l (or 9-18 g/l)
Moelleux/Amabile: 12 / 18-45 g/l
Doux/Dolce/Edes: >45g/l

52
Q

Austria prohibits grape names on labels that may confuse a consumer in this way:

A

Blaufrankisch
Weissburgunder

(sounds like it is from another country)

53
Q

Italy only approves these grapes for varietal labeling (none are italian origin)

A

Cabernet Franc
Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay
Merlot
Sauvignon Blanc
Syrah

54
Q

This Margaux Growth produced a wine in the IGT category

A

Chateau Palmer (Third Growth)
“Historical XIXth Century Wine”
Nineteenth century wine

55
Q

Two categories (2009) EU for Wines with Geographical origin

A

PDO (protected designation of origin)
PGI (protected geographical indication)

56
Q

Though EU standarts for vintage and variety are 85%, the US and EU have an agreement that allows for this

A

The American standard: 75%

57
Q

A PDO must have this:

A

100% grapes from exclusive area
production takes place there
obtained from vitis vinifera or hybrid of vinifera and another species of the genus vitus

58
Q

PGI must have this:

A

85% of grapes used come from the area
production takes place there
obtained from vine varieties belonging to vitis vinifera or hybrid of vitis vinidera and another species of genus vitis

59
Q

PGI and PDO wines must state PGI or PDO on the bottle: T/F

A

TRUE: with the exceptions of these wines
Champagne
Cava
Madeira
Port
Asti
Sherry
Franciacorta
Marsala
Samos
Commandaria

60
Q

The EU recognizes these New World Appellations as PDOs

A

Valle dos Vinhedos (Brazil)
Altos de Pintos Bandeira DO (Brazil)
Napa Valley AVA

61
Q

In what year did the EU sign a bilateral agreement for the following New World countries to protect them legally:
USA
Canada
Chile
South Africa
(Australia not protected)

A

USA: 2006
Canada: 2003
Chile: 2002
South Africa: 1999

62
Q

in this year, the PDO defined “traditional terms” (AOC, DOC/DOCG, DO/DOCa)

A

Council Regulation 479

2008

63
Q

What is Germany and Austria’s PDO equivalent

A

gU

geschutze Ursprungbezeichnung

64
Q

What is Hungary’s equivalent of a PDO

A

OEM

Oltalom Alatt allo Eredetmeghelolesek

65
Q

What is the UK PDO equivalent

A

Quality Sparkling WIne

66
Q

What is the UK PGI equivalent

A

Regional Sparkling Wine

67
Q

What is the hungarian term for PDO

A

Minoségi bor
Védett eredetü bor

68
Q

Prior to CAP reforms, the INAO approved AOC regulations, and this organization administered Vin de Pays and Vin de Table categories.

A

VINIFLOR

69
Q

What is the largest private organization in Italy that assumes the regulatory role of the conzorzi

A

Valoritalia

70
Q

What are the “drys”

A

The dry states:

left over from the Volstead act: 18th amendment that started prohibition in 1920 and ended with the 21st amendment in 1933

71
Q

What was the first state to ratify the 18th amendment, and remained dry until 1966

A

Mississippi

72
Q

This state prohibited sales of all alcoholic beverages until 1987

A

Kansas

73
Q

What is the FAA act

A

1935 passed to set federal definitions and guidelines for the production, taxation and sale of alcoholic beverages. Today these laws are primarily enforced by the Department of the Treasury’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, the **TTB. **

74
Q

in this state, the state is the sole wholesaler and retailer of spirits and wine

A

Pennsylvania

PA Liquor control board

75
Q

In this state, the State controls liquor, and leaves wine and beer to the private sector

A

Iowa

76
Q

This state completely controls all distribution and retail sales of alcoholic beverages

A

Utah

77
Q

What is the exception to purchasing liquor from a non state run liquor store

A

If beer is under 4% abv

78
Q

What is the current list of “control states” in the US (state run monopolies controlling the sale of alcohol)

A

Oregon
Idaho
Montana
Wyoming
Utah
Iowa
Michigan
Ohio
Mississippi
Alabama
North Carolina
West Virginia
Virginia
Pennsylvania
New Hampshire
Vermont
Maine

79
Q

How many license states are there in the USA (freer private market)

A

33

80
Q

What is the new York beverage control orginization, issues lisences to private entities

A

SLA

State Liquor Authority

81
Q

What is a tied house

A

When there is vertical integration or obvious incentive to sell as much as a producers products as possible who is offering the retailer kickbacks

82
Q

what is the FAA act and how does it relate to tied houses

A

makes it unlawful for any manufacturer to induce any retalier to purchase products to the exclusion of others
furnishing, lending, giving, renting

83
Q

Difference between tied house laws and three tier system:

A

Tied house laws govern how suppiers interact with retaliers to prevent undue influence

Three tier system is a licensing reginme that dictates who can sell to and purchase from whom, for tax purposes and to create an orderly system

84
Q

This state allows liscenced winegrowers to sell products they make to consumers and retailers without going through the wholesale tier

A

California

85
Q

Does federal law require use of the three tier system?

A

NO

86
Q

What is vertical integration in the three tier system

A

When there is ownership in more than one tier

87
Q

What are at rest laws

A

require that alcoholic beverages produced outside the state rest at an in state warehouse for a minimum period of time before going to retail

88
Q

what is a wine francise law

A

gives wholesalers in-state exclusivity over the beverage brands they represent, while limiting suppiers ability to terminate relationships with their state wholesalers.
Benefits larger distributors

89
Q

In New York, the same discount structure must be offered by law, regardless of channel. T/F

A

TRUE

Price discount by channel is not legal there

90
Q

What is the New York State “post and hold” law

A

requires wholesalers to post prices and honor them for a period of one month

Battipaglia vs State Liquor Authority

91
Q

What is ballot 1183 in Washington State

A

in 2011, ended Washington’s run as a liquor control state and allowed retailers to purchase alcohol directly from producers
The first state to do so in the US*

92
Q

How many US states permit wineries to sell directly

A

35

93
Q

When was the National Minimum Drinking Age Act passed?

A

1984

94
Q

What are blue laws

A

Puritanical relics: no purchasing beer on sunday, for example

95
Q

What are SIP laws

A

prohibit selling alcohol to intoxicated people

96
Q

These are the only states that don’t have dram shop liability laws in the US

A

Delaware
Kansas
Maryland
Nebraska
Nevada
South Dakota
Virginia

97
Q

Is corkage legal in all 50 states?

A

NO

98
Q

is consignment legal federally?

A

NO

Though it is common, it violates the FAA act.

99
Q

This state has a 10 day payment period before delinquent, afterwhich accounts are reported to the state

A

Florida

100
Q

Max amount of liquor poured in a beverage in Utah

A

2.5 oz

101
Q

Does the TTB (Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau) responsible for enforcing laws that regulate the retail tier?

A

NO

only wholesale

102
Q

When was the TTB established, changed from the ATF

A

2002, under the Homeland Security Act

103
Q

What is COLA

A

Certification of Label Bottle Approval

TTB grants it before any wine enters the marketplace

104
Q

When does Contains Sulfites have to be on a label in the US

A

containing more than 10ppm

105
Q

All wines in the US under Federal law must have this on a bottle of wine

A

Type of wine
brand name
bottlers name and address
alcohol content by volume
net contents of the container
Surgeon Generals Health Warning
Contains Sulfites (for more than 10ppm)

106
Q

Wines above 14% abv may state a range of this %

A

2%

107
Q

wines of 14% and below may state a range of this % abv

A

3%
(11-14%)

108
Q

Wines with 14% or less abv can use these terms and omit a percentage under federal law

A

Table wine
Light wine

109
Q

Under federal law, if multiple counties or states are listed, the label must indicate this

A

The exact % of grapes from each county or contiguous state

110
Q

Under federal law, what % of a wine has to be a vintage if vintage labeled

A

85%

95% if labeled with an AVA

111
Q

These states may only include grapes from the listed state

A

California
Oregon

112
Q

These AVAs are under conjunctive labeling laws where the AVA must be labeled with both the Nested AVA and the larger AVAs name

A

Napa Valley
Paso Robles
Sonoma County
Monterey County
Lodi

113
Q

under federal law, when can “Estate bottled” be used

A

When wine is labeled with an AVA
winery is located in that same AVA
winery owns or controls the vineyard
winery crushed, fermented finished and bottled the wine on the same property.
WInery must have total viticultural control under a leasing agreement for at least three years

114
Q

100% organic wine:

A

No added sulfites, only organically grown grapes

115
Q

Organic:

A

at least 95% organically grown grapes
no added sulfites
Any added yeasts must be certified organic

116
Q

Made with organically grown grapes:

A

At least 70% organically grown grapes and may contain up to 100ppm of sulfites from sulfur dioxide. Added yeasts need not be organic

117
Q

what was the VQA act (1999) in Canada

A

affects wine labeling, appellation control and wine standards.

118
Q

What is the name for the regulatory wine authority for Ontario

A

VQA Ontario

119
Q

In this year, British Columbia introduced the Wines of Marked Quality regulation and created the British Columbia Wine Authority

A

2005

120
Q

Do BC and Ontario VQA appellations have any affilliation?

A

NO. they are governed by different legislation

121
Q

In what year were Icewine regulations introduced under the Canada Agricultural Products act?

A

2014
Grapes naturally frozen on the vine

122
Q

What year were Sachsen and Salle Unstrut added as anbaugebeits in Germany, becoming the 12th and 13th

A

1990

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