Spirits Flashcards
In the EU vodka must have this minimum ABV
37.5%
this Okinawan style of shochu is always distilled from long grain Indica rice
Awamori
What is Genever
Spirits originated in Denmark aged in a pot still sweeter and less alcoholic than London dry gin juniper and malt dominant aromatics
Contains 15% malt wine
where is Plymouth gin made what year was it revived
Plymouth
coates and Company
England
1996
What distillery revived old Tom gin
Hayman’s distillery
what was the whiskey rebellion of 1794
When the whiskey boys in the US protested a 1791 excise tax on whiskey, the production of whiskey specifically. George Washington indicated martial law
10,000 men
Vodka from Russia
Russian standard
beluga
Vodka from Poland
Chopin
Zubrowka
Belvedere
Mexican distilled spirits DOs
Bacanora
Mezcal
Sotol
Tequila
Charanda
Requirements for Madurado en vidiro
(Mezcal)
Matured in glass 12 months cool dark place
Authorized Agave varietals for Mezcal
Agave Angustifola
Agave Esperrima
Agave Weberi
Agave Pataorum
Agave Salmiano
what plant species is authorized for Sotol DO
Dasylirion Wheeleri (succulent, rather than agave)
aging requirements scotch whiskey
Age minimum three years
oak cask max capacity 700 L
Regions of production in Scotland
Highland
lowland
Speyside
Islay
Campbeltown
The Islands
Highland distilleries
Oban
Glenmorangie
Dalwhinnie
Dalmore
Lowland distilleries (least smoky)
Glenkinchie
Auchentostan
Bladnoch
Major Scotch producing islands
Skye
Jura
Mull
Arran
Orkney
Islay
Peatiest style of scotch
Ardbeg
Lagavulin
Laphroig
Bruichladdich
(Islay)
Who is Reverend Elijah Craig? why important?
Distilled Kentucky’s first whiskey 1789
became known as bourbon whiskey
Requirements for rye whiskey
51% rye aged in new charred barrels
minimum two years
What are requirements for Tennessee whiskey
Filtered with maple charcoal prior to aging
manufactured in state of Tennessee 51% corn aged in new charred oak barrels
Vodka from Sweden
Absolute
Svedka
Vodka from US
Skyy
Titos
Tequila may include up to this percentage sugar from sources other than agave
49%
Main agave for Bacanora DO (recognized in Mexico)
Agave Angustofolia (Yaquiana)
Joven/Oro: A blend of Bacanora Blanco with Bacanora Reposado or Añejo.
aging requirements for tequila
Reposado: 2 mos oak or encino oak
Anejo: 1 year in oak or encino oak
Extra Anejo: 3 years oak max 600L
Law of 1977
reposado Mezcal:
anejo Mezcal:
Reposado: Aged in oak barrel two months
Anejo: Aged in oak barrels no more than 200 L for at least one year
what is blended scotch whisky
Blend of one or more single malt whiskys with one or more single grain whiskys
what is single grain scotch whisky
Any scotch distilled/produced at a single distillery
may include unmalted barley and other grains, like wheat or corn.
Requirements for labeling statements of age on scotch whisky
Year of distillation may not be included unless year of bottling, period of maturation or age of whisky also included
scotch must be aged this long
Minimum three years in Oak cask maximum capacity 700 L
Can scotch be exported in wood
No
Distillation of scotch produces a spirit of no more than this percentage ABV
94.8%
Highland scotch includes these islands
Mull
Jura
Skye
Orkney
other geographic indications for Scotch
Lowland
Speyside
Islay
Campbeltown
requirements for London dry gin
Traditional still
higher quality ethyl alcohol than base standard
methanol must not exceed 5 g/hL of 100% volume alcohol
natural flavorings
result must be 70% ABV
sugar can be added can’t exceed .17 g/L
water can be added ‘
can’t be colored
can add the term dry
Vodka from Finland
Finlandia
vodka from France
Ciroc
Grey Goose
What is Imojochu
Sweet potato shochu from Southern Miyazaki Prefecture
What is Kubanskaya
Russian lemon flavored Vodka
What is Baiju
Chinese liquor made from proso millet, maize, glutinous rice, long grain rice and wheat
What is Wuliangye?
The name given to Baiju in 1905
What is heads and tails in distillation?
Heads and tails discarded, heads contain methyl alcohol and toxic. Tails discarded because they contain unwanted flavor compounds
What is the gaelic term for “water of life,” where Whiskey got it’s name
uisgebeatha
Scotch whisky must contain this abv%
40%
After 32 years in barrel abv drops down
Orkney producer of Scotch
Highland Park
Origin of the word Moonshine
Law in 1725 in England created tax for malting barley in daytime
Scottish began to distill by the light of the moon, origin of the word “moonshine”
Irish simply started using a large proportion of unmalted barley in their whiskies. Thus, Irish whiskey is typically lighter in character.
Irish whisky must be distilled this many times
three
What does “Glen” mean in scotch
A water source
Equivalent of Grappa from Galicia
Orujo
Distilled spirit from plums in Eastern Europe
Slivovitz
This philosopher noticed if you boil sea water it is potable
Aristotle
Two columns of a continuous still called this
Analyzer and Rectifier
Gins from Holland
Bols
Nolet
Ketel One
Who Started the first whisky distillery in Japan
Tokebetsuru
Formed with another partner Suntory, partner split off to form Nikka
Taiwanese whisky distillery
Kavalan
Produces “The Soloist”
Three producers of Grappa
Jacopo Poli
Nonino
Gaja
A Norwegian Gin Producer
Bareksten
Largest region of six production regions of Scotch
Highland
Speyside was once a subzone of this Scotch producing region
Highlands
Producers of Speyside
Glenlivet, Glenfiddich, and the Macallan
with water from the river Spey!
Distillers of Campbeltown
Glen Scotia, Glengyle, and Springbank
Producer on Isle of Skye
Talisker
Pioneers of Sherry Cask aged Scotch
Glenmorangie and Balvenie
Irish whisky producers
Old Bushmills, Cooley, and New Midleton, maker of Jameson, Redbreast
Peated Irish whisky?
peat-fired, Single Malt Connemara produced by Cooley
Aging requirement Irish whisky
The whiskey must be aged for a minimum three years prior to release; in practice most whiskies age for at least seven.
Canadian Rye whiskey is generally blended: T or F?
True, and must be aged for three years
What is mixto in Tequila production
mandating a minimum 51% blue agave—other sugars make up the remainder of the ferment
Extra Anejo Tequila (2006) has this aging requirement:
minimum of three years in cask
Max 600 L
Agaves of Mezcal:
Agave angustifolia
Agave asperrima
Agave weberi
Agave potatorum
Agave salmiana
Tequila comes from this blue agave
Agave tequiliana
Where is Demerara Rum from?
Guyana (Made from molasses and sometimes aged over a decade)
Four styles of rum
light rum, dark rum, Demerara rum, and rhum agricole.
Most light rum is made this way:
distilled by the continuous method and filtered with charcoal after a short period of cask aging to remove any color
What is Cachaca?
Cachaça, the Brazilian spirit that provides the base for the caipirinha cocktail, is produced from fermented sugarcane and is essentially light rum
This Rhum AOC can claim to be the southernmost AOC of France, in the Carribean!
Martinique AOC
Continuous still mandated
Enrichment prohibited
“Blanc”: Min. 8 weeks in tank following distillation
“élevés sous bois”: Min. 12 months in oak with a minimum of 250 g/hl in volatile elements other than ethyl and methyl alcohol
“Vieux”: Min. 3 years in an oak cask of less than 650 liters with a minimum of 325 g/hl in volatile elements other than ethyl and methyl alcohol
VO: min. 3 years in oak barrels
VSOP/Réserve Spéciale/Cuvée Spéciale/Très Vieux: min. 4 years in oak barrels
XO/Hors d’Age/Extra Vieux/Grande Réserve: min. 6 years in oak barrels*
Vintage: 6 years in an oak cask of less than 650 liters. Vintage indicates the year of distillation
Producers of Martinique
The Favorite, Depaz, Saint James, La Mauny, JM, Simon and Neisson
Three Mezcal labelings that came about in 2016
Mezcal
Mezcal Artesanal
Mezcal Ancestral
Highest proof that Bourbon can enter the barrel
125 proof
What style of Mezcal requires roasting in Pits?
Ancestral
What spirit would you find a doubler or thumper for distillation?
Bourbon
What is Alligator Char on a bourbon barrel
Number 4 char, barrel is charred for 55 min
Only producer on Isle of Lewis (Scotch)
Abhainn Dearg (also known as Red River)
Producer of Isle of Jura (Scotch)
Isle of Jura
Only Producer of Isle of Arran
Arran
In Mezcal production, what is bagazo?
maguey fiber
Requirements for Bottling in Mezcal
Must be bottled in Mexico (unlike tequila, which may ship in bulk) in maximum 5L bottle
Label must include class, category, species of agave(s), and the name of the state in which it was produced. Anejo and Matured in Glass must give age in years.
Permitted additives of Mezcal
up to 5% of volume:
insects
fruit
herbs
honey
coloring agents
meat
Map of Scotland distilleries
Distillation can occur because of this simple premise
At sea level, ethyl alcohol boils at approximately 173 degrees Fahrenheit (78 degrees Celsius);
Water is 212 F
What is the principle behind fractional distillation
The separation of two liquids with different boiling points
Another term for continuous still
also called the Coffey, column, or patent still
How are flavor additives introduced to a base spirit? Three methods
maceration : Maceration and infusion are similar techniques that involve steeping a flavoring agent in alcohol; maceration is a slower, cold method
Infusion: hot method but similar to maceration
percolation: resembles coffee brewing, as the base spirit is pumped through the flavoring material
Until 1980, Britain based its legal calculation of the alcoholic strength of liquor on this test:
the ability of gunpowder to combust when doused in the spirit.
Today, the alcoholic content of all alcoholic beverages in the EU and the US, whether fermented or distilled, is stated as a percentage of alcohol by volume (ABV) at ___ degrees celsius:
20 degrees
Range of Abv% for Vodka and GIn
vodka and gin may reach 40–50% ABV
The range abv% for whiskey, brandy, and rum:
is much wider, with some cask-strength whiskies—those that are not diluted with water prior to bottling—reaching over 60% ABV.
the bestselling premium vodka in the US
Grey Goose—French vodka distilled in a pot still
Tito’s Handmade Vodka is an artisan American spirit made on a much smaller scale in a pot still from this:
from 100% corn in Texas.
Styles of London Dry Gin
Beefeater, Tanqueray, Bombay Sapphire, Gordon’s, and Boodles
Dutch Dr. Sylvius de Bouve developed the first crude gin as a medicinal oil known as _____
Genever
What is Corenwyn in Genever?
(“corn wine”) is a cask-aged version in which malt wine composes at least 51% of the distillate.
Proper Gin for Pink Gin Cocktail?
Pink Gin
What is Old Tom Gin, and what distillery revived it
Old Tom gin, another English style rarely encountered today, is lightly sweetened. A wooden plaque hung on the outer wall of a pub and shaped like the head of a black cat—“Old Tom” was 19th-century slang for a black cat—could supplicate passers-by with a shot of the gin, poured from indoors through a slot in a cat’s mouth, for a penny or two
Hayman’s Distillery
Old Tom gin is the “Tom” in the classic Tom Collins cocktail and the base of the19th-century Martinez cocktail, possibly the precursor to the martini
What are the five legal categories of Scotch established in 2009
Single Malt Scotch Whisky: distilled from malted barley in a pot still at a single distillery
Single Grain Scotch Whisky: Single Grain Whisky is produced at a single distillery, but may include unmalted barley and other grains, like wheat or corn.
Blended Malt Scotch Whisky: produced from a blend of malt whiskies
Blended Grain Scotch Whisky: Blended Grain Scotch Whisky is produced from two or more grain whiskies
Blended Scotch Whisky: a mixture of malt and grain whiskies produced at a number of different distilleries
As of this year all Scotch Whisky must be bottled in Scotland
2009
Single Malt Scotch is generally aged this long
at least ten years, with some whiskies released at 25 or 30 years of age
Canadian Whisky is generally blended and must be aged this long before sale
Three years.
Glenora Distillers, on Cape Breton Island of Nova Scotia, distills malt whisky in the style of Scotch.
Levels of Char
A No.1 Char is 15 seconds, No.2 is 30, No.3 (more common) is 35 seconds, and the classic No.4 Char is 55 seconds. The No.4 Char is also known as the “alligator char,”
Raicilla de la Costa uses this Agave:
Raicilla de la Sierra uses this agave:
Raicilla de la Costa: Agaves Angustifolia Haw & Rhodacantha
Raicilla de la Sierra: Agaves Maximiliana Baker, Inaequidens Koch & Valenciana”
States of production for raicilla
Jalisco and Nayarit (Bahía de Banderas)
What is “Jimado” in the production of Raicilla
Process of eliminating the stalks and pencas (leaves) to leave the head of the pineapple totally white
What is “tatemado” in the production of Raicilla
The “cooking” process which lasts for 24 hours in the Sierra, and 48 in the coastal region in underground firepits
Original States of Mezcal production
Oaxaca
Guerrero
Durango
San Luis Potosi
Zacatecas
These states are authorized for Mezcal production:
Oaxaca
Guerrero
Durango
San Luis Potosi
Zacatecas
Tamaulipas
Michoacan
San Luis de la Paz (in Guanajuato)
Puebla
Sinaloa
States of production for Sotol
Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango
Distillation for Raicilla requires this:
Direct fire in clay pot; whose process must include the maguey fiber
