General South Africa Flashcards
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains is known as this in South Africa
Muscat de Frontignan
what year did phylloxera come to South Africa
1886
what is ruby Cabernet
Cabernet Savignon x Carignan
Dr. Harold Olmo
1936 UC Davis
Vineyard names first appeared on wine labels in this year in South Africa
2005
what year was the WO system introduced in South Africa
1973
what year was the IPW established and why was it established
1998 voluntary means of certification for WO producers wanting to comply with sustainable environmental practices
Also worker safety waste water carbon emissions pesticides and vineyard biodiversity
As of 2010 if wines Meet score of 60% or better they are marked with a sustainable wine of origin seal
Hanepoot is this
Muscat of Alexandria
regions of Western Cape GU
Cape south coast region
Coastal region
Klein Karoo region
Oliphants river region
Breede river valley
describe the delineation of regions from largest to smallest
GU
WO
District
Ward
which GU has no regions or districts
Limpopo
synonym for Crouchen Blanc in South Africa
Cape Riesling
What is the name of the current from Antarctica that cools western side of the Cape
Benguela current
what are the six GU units
Eastern Cape
Northern cape
Western cape*
Limpopo
Free state
KwaZulu Natal
what year did apartheid begin
1948
Ward of eastern Cape
Saint Francis bay
Ward of free state (no district)
Rietrievier FS
What year was Pinotage created by Professor Abraham Perold
1924
Pinot Noir x Cinsault
When was the first sparkling wine created in South Africa
1971
what are cooperatives called in South Africa
Producer cellars
Districts of KwaZulu Natal
Without a region
Central Drakensberg
Lions River
districts of northern cape without a region (3)
Douglas
Sutherland Karoo
central orange river
Wards of Northern Cape without a district (2)
Hartswater
Prieska
what is SAWIT when was it founded
South African wine industry trust
established to empower black workers in 1999
What is SAWIS, when was it founded
South African wine information and systems
2002
for quality certification
Districts of Northern Cape
Central Orange River
Douglas
Sutherland Karoo
how does South Africa rank in world wine production
Ninth
Synonym for Semillon in South Africa
Groendruif
Northern Cape and Eastern cape have no ___ regions
WO
GUs of South Africa (6)
Northern Cape
Eastern Cape
Western Cape
KwaZulu-Natal
Limpopo
Free State
Second most planted white grape in South Africa behind Chenin Blanc
Colombard
What year was the KWV firmed in South Africa, and when did it become a co op?
Formed in 1918
Co op in 1923
What year did Apartheid end?
1994
What did the 1924 Wine and Spirits Control Act do in South Africa?
Formalized the powers of the KWV, established in 1918. Favored larger producers and rewarded lower quality
In the IPW scheme (South Africa) starting with 2010, the producer has to meet a minimum score of ____ and qualify for WO certification
60%
What is Nouvelle? (grape, South Africa)
Crossing of Cape Riesling and Ugni Blanc)
Producer of Kwazulu Natal
Abingdon
(KWV) formed in 1918 stands for this:
Why was it formed?
How did the 1924 wine and spirits act come about?
Ko-operatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika
a cooperative of wine producers and growers, fixed minimum prices, determined areas of production, and established production limits
After phylloxerra and root grafting there was a glut of wine and something needed to be done
—powers formalized in the 1924 Wine and Spirits Control Act
In the WO framework in 1973, Blends may list several grapes, if vinification occurred separately and each listed grape comprises a minimum ___% of the wine.
30%
Wards within central orange river WO (no region) (5)
Groblereshoop
Grootdrink
Kakamas
Keimos
Upington
boberg river region was** repealed in 2019** (Was for Paarl, Franschhoek, Wellington and Tulbagh fortified)
What are the terms commonly used now for that style of wine?
Cape Ruby
Cape Tawny
Cape Vintage
these producers make richer brighter styles of Shiraz in South Africa
Haskell (stellenbosch)
Saxenburg (stellenbosch)
Fairview (Paarl)
some of the finest producers of Chenin in South Africa
Ken Forrester
Rudera
De Trafford
For MCC wines, Brut RS requirement
Under 15 g/l RS
Who makes the “big easy” red blend
Ernie Els
Western Cape
How many wards lie outside established districts in SA
18
The Cape Coastal Designation (2017) is for this:
If Fruit from Cape South Coast and Coastal Region are combined
Ward and region designation requires this % of fruit
100% for both
These three Regions of Western Cape are associated with Bulk Wine, historically
Breede River Valley
Klein Karoo
Olifants River
The WO scheme doesnt control farming or winemaking practices, but does submit all wines to this: without it no variety, region or vintage may be listed on a bottle
chemical analysis and rigorous taste test before certification is granted
There is a “natural wine” category in SA: T/F?
True
Initially a wine only needed 30% of a given varietal to list it on a label, but today requirement is ____%
85%
If a blended wine details composition: these are the rules (South Africa)
Grapes must be listed in order of dominance
If one is mentioned, they all must be mentioned
Unless:
two or more of the grapes combine to form 85% of the blend and each contributing variety is 20%
What year were wards added in the WO scheme
1994
What year were single vineyards added in the WO scheme
2004
Site cant exceed 6 hectares
What year did UK join Europe’s EEC, which started the push toward what became SA 1973 appellation system?
1969
What is coffee pinotage?
toasted staves during fermentation, because of compound Furfurylthiol
Is the term “Cape Blend” legally regulated
NO
just has to have some percentage of Pinotage in the blend
Why does Pinotage smell like paint thinner
planted on the hottest part of a farm
likes cool climates instead
Isoamyl acetate (water stress and high temps at harvest can cause it)
What causes bloody and herbal aromas in Pinotage
High cropping
High PH gives it a tendency toward spoilage
When was the first Pinotage (experimental wine) made?
1941
(Grape created at University of Stellenbosch by Abraham Izak Perold)
Cinsault (Cinsaut) arrived in the 1880s SA and was called this
Hermitage
Today is less than 2% of vineyard acreage
Exists in ancient form
Cabernet Sauvignon (most planted red grape in SA) comes from these Districts
Stellenbosch
Paarl
Franschhoek
Why are SA Cabernet Sauvignon wines restrained by modern standards
The Wine Commissions Tasting panel Considers “Over Oaked” a flaw
Most of Semillon (Greengrape or Groendruif) is planted here
The Coast, though Stellenbosch and Franschhoek has old vine semillon
This unusual mutation of Semillon is home to SA
Semillon Gris
(red mutation)
Eben Sadie said the French had it and culled it, and now they are begging for it
When was the first Varietal Sauvignon Blanc bottled in SA
1977
Verdun (now asara)
| First Semillon/Sauvignon Blanc blend bottled in 2001
Most expanding variety in SA
Sauvignon Blanc
What year was steen recognized as Chenin Blanc
1963
This arrival in SA in 1950s encouraged plantings of Chenin
Refrigerated tanks
What is Lieberstein?
Semi-Sweet Chenin arrived on domestic market in 1959
Most widely planted grape in South Africa
Chenin Blanc
Cabernet is most planted Red
When was the last major vine pull in SA
2018: 3,858 ha of vines pulled out (majority Chenin Blanc in favor for SB and CS)
Who is Rosa Kruger?
Viticulturist who began compilling old vine vineyard list in 2002. In 2014, SAWIS gave her the vineyard registry dating back to 1900.
She established** OVP (old vine project)**
with Certified Heritage Vineyard Seal
Average vine age over 35 years
What year was the first varietal Cabernet Sauvignon debuted?
1979
This grape had a monopoly in SA vineyards in the 1800s.
Semillon
Later after phylloxera, Palomino, Chenin Blanc and Muscat planted more
1909, most planted red variety in South Africa
Cinsault (Hermitage)
Most of the mountains of SA are this soil
Granite capped by sandstone
This mineral scattered thoughout all major winegrowing regions in South Africa
Quartz
These major oceans bracket SA Winegrowing regions
Atlantic
Indian
When does the Cape Doctor blow in from the Southeast?
Spring and Summer
Benguela Current swirls from this direction
Up the coast from Antartica
Elevations of SA Winegrowing regions
50-600m
What is “Day Zero” (south africa)
possibility of dams falling below 13.5% capacity. After a severe water shortage in 2017 and 2018
This Yearly Wine guide released in 1980 helped introduce the wine world to SA
Platters “South African Wine Guide”
In SA, Growers far outnumber producers: T/F
TRUE
This producer in SA who functions as a kind of negociant, currently accounts for 30% of SA sparkling and still wine production
Distell
What is VinPro
A nonprofit advisory board for SA Wine industry
Over this % of SA wine is exported as bulk
50%
How many cooperatives in SA (producer cellars)
50
Social Initiatives in South Africa since Apartheid
B-BBEE (Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment)
WIETA (Wine & Agricultural Ethical Trade Association)
**Fair Trade **(SA produces 65% of the worlds Fair Trade wines)
Black owned Brands (government land grants, initiatives to help with costs of starting business)
**Cape Winemakers Guild Protege Programme
**
Who Wrote Wines of the New South Africa
Tim James
What year was the Cape Winemakers Guid established?
1982
40 members in 2020
What year was the KWV quota system eliminated?
1992
KWV forced this man to dump 5000 liters of wine down the drain
Timothy Hamilton Russell
What year was the Vine Improvement Association created in SA to address issues around quality plant material (free of viruses, etc)
1986
Who made the first Cape Bordeaux blend? What year did it Debut?
Hofmeyr
1979
(Same year as first varietal Cabernet)
When did international sanctions begin against South Africa
1960s with loss of Scandinavian and Canadian markets
WHY was the WO scheme introduced in 1973??
1973 specifically to complement EU (then EEC) wine laws and EASE TRADE
During KWV years, These advances were made
Studying Yeast Available Nitrogen or YAN
Advances in pursuit of higher yields
KWV had close ties to this
National Party that formalized apartheid in 1948 when they came to power
What year did the British win the Boer War against the Dutch
1902
This man established the KWV in 1918, that became a cooperative society in 1923
Charles Kohler
What is a kloof
Canyon or valley
What is a toren
Tower
What is groot
BIG
What is dorp
A village
What is braai
BBQ
In this year, the british signed a treaty reducing tariffs on French wine, which slowed SA exports
1861
In response to depression and a grape glut, SA gov inquired in 1905 into the state of wine growing, which resulted in this
Establishment of co ops.
Nine were founded in 1906
The British invasion of 1795 and occupation resulted in this
vineyard land developed, British lowered import tariffs on SA wine and land under vine tripled between 1795-1825
Native tribes of Cape Town
Khoikhoi
San
First Crush in SA
Cape Town 1659
Jan Van Riebeeck
After Cape Town vineyards were established, these two regions followed suit
Stellenbosch and Paarl
KWV stands for this
Ko-Operative Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika
