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General Burgundy/History/Laws Flashcards

1
Q

first producer in cote d’or to adopt a biodynamic approach

A

Domaine Jean-Claude Rateau

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2
Q

Can GC Cote de Nuit and Beaune wines be chaptalized

A

YES

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3
Q

What is Fermage

A

Leasing of land

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4
Q

this little bug was blamed for pyrazines in 04 and 11

A

Harmonia axyridis

Ladybug taint

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5
Q

Northernmost town in Côte d’Or
Southernmost town in Côte d’Or

A

Dijon (North)
Maranges (South)

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6
Q

What is the D974

A

The axis that stretches north to south width not exceeding 2 km at an altitude of 300-400m

The “Route des Grands Crus” from Dijon to Corgoloin

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7
Q

Most acreage under vine in Burgundy

A

Beaujolais (16,947ha)

Chablis (7,626ha)
other regional areas (6,598)
Maconnais (6,117)
Cote de Beaune/Hautes (4,815)
Chalonnaise (2,238)

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8
Q

What year was Napoleonic code issued, what did it decree

A

1804 that land be divided equally amongst heirs

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9
Q

Assemblage for Bourgogne AOP rouge

A

César may not exceed 49% of the blend. Gamay may not exceed 30% of the blend

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10
Q

César may only be grown in this department for Bourgogne AOP

A

Yonne

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11
Q

Assemblage for Bourgogne blanc AOP

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Blanc
Max 30% Pinot Gris

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12
Q

Bourgogne Passe tout Grains encepagement

A

30% Pinot min
15% Gamay min
must be vinified together

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13
Q

Bourgogne Mousseux is this

A

Sparkling red, from the 1820s
Still produced

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14
Q

Cremant de Bourgogne AOP began this year

A

1975

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15
Q

How many domaines in Burgundy as of 2013

A

BIVB verified:

3,949

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16
Q

This percentage of Burgundy wines are sold by merchant houses

A

60%

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17
Q

Where did Phyloxerra hit first in Burgundy?

A

Morgon 1874

Same year first wine press developed by Felix Marmonier in 1874!

Meursault 1878
Chablis 1887

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18
Q

When was “lute Raisonée” defined by French ministry of Agriculture

A

2002

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19
Q

In 1441 Philip the good ordered this

A

All vines east of Dijon be ripped out on flatlands

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20
Q

First Negociants in Burgundy

A

1720 Maison Champy Maison Claude Morey
Maison La virotte 1725
Poulet Pere et Fils 1731
1731 Bouchard

(Early 1700s, they got on the scene)

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21
Q

this designation allows for Gamay in Basic Bourgogne

A

Coteaux Bourguignons AOP

(Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP in Cote d’or and Southern Burgundy)

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22
Q

How many GC vineyards in Cote d’or

A

32

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23
Q

What does “en foule” planting mean

A

In a crowd

Chaotic, en goblet trained vineyards of the past

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24
Q

What is provinage

A

Air layering in which the rooting medium is bound to the plant rather than enclosed

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25
Q

Departements of Burgundy

A

Yonne
Cote d’or
Saone et Loire
Rhone

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26
Q

Sacy is only authorized for this in Burgundy

A

sparkling wine

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27
Q

Chardonnay (Beaunois) is a crossing of these grapes (so is gamay, so is Aligote, so is melon B)

A

Gouais blanc x Pinot

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28
Q

This man banned gamay in burgundy

A

Philip the Bold
1395 ripped up vines
“Gaamez”

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29
Q

When was climat allowed as a term by INAO

A

1935

1200 climats in Burgundy

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30
Q

Definition of a lieux-dit

A

Named single vineyard
one contiguous parcel
within single commune

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31
Q

what is a défricheur?

A

A cistercian monk, a land clearer, laying foundation for modern climats of Burgundy

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32
Q

What is a chapitre?

A

A chapel, a church or religious order

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33
Q

Average July-Aug temperature in Burgundy

A

68F

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34
Q

Average width of the trail of vineyards of Côte d’Or

A

1km

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35
Q

Cote d’or spans this

A

60km from Dijon to Maranges

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36
Q

Slimmest place in Cote d’or

A

Near the slope between communes of Corgoloin and Ladoix Serrigny

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37
Q

What is Pinot gris in Burgundy

A

Pinot Beurrot

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38
Q

Cote d’or vineyards are typically at this slope or gradient

A

10%

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39
Q

latitude of burgundy

A

46-48F

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40
Q

Wettest month in Burgundy

A

May

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41
Q

What is coupage in Burgundy history

A

Burgundy prior to 1919 law of appellation d’origine meant any wine could be labeled with vintage or climat based on taste profilee alone

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42
Q

Some subzones that can attach their name to Bourgogne AOP

A

Chitry
Cotes d’Auxerre
Cote d’or
Cote Chalonnaise
Cote Saint Jacques
Coulanges-laVineuse
Hautes Cote de Beaune
La Chapelle Notre Dame
Le Chapitree
Montrecul/Montre-cul
Cotes du Couchois
Epineuil
Tonnerre

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43
Q

Parents of Tressot (Rare variety in burgundy)

A

Tressot, a red variety dating from at least the 14th century, descends from Duras and Petite Verdot

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44
Q

What year was Gamay disqualified for general Bourgogne AOP rouge and rosé wines?

A

2011

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45
Q

What is the old name of Coteaux Bourguignons AOP

A

Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire AOP (2011 changed)

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46
Q

grand cru appellations, located only in the Côte d’Or and Chablis, account for less than ___% of the total production of Burgundy.

A

2%

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47
Q

Largest Landowner in Cote d’or

A

Bouchard Père & Fils is the largest landowner in the Côte d’Or, with 130 hectares of vines under its control.

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48
Q

the Benedictine order was the political and cultural center in western Europe during 10th and 11th century in this village

49
Q

first owners of Clos Vougeot

A

Cistercians

50
Q

Great Vineyards in Cote d’or date back to this century

A

14th century

51
Q

This producer was responsible for bringing cold maceration to Burgundy

A

Henri Jayer

52
Q

Names of barrels in Burgundy

A

Piece 228 L
Feuillat 132 L (Chablis)
114L Cote d’or

53
Q

Vines are trained this way in Burgundy

A

East West orientation

54
Q

first producer of biodynamic wine in burgundy

A

Jean Claude Ratou

55
Q

when did Domaine bottling begin in Burgundy

56
Q

Negociants/domaine producers (do both)

A

Domaine Leroy
Dujac
Hubert de Montille

57
Q

Average # of hectares in Burgundy owned by each Domaine

A

7-8 hectares average

58
Q

Most hectares under vine in all of burgundy

A
  1. Beaujolais 16, 947 ha
  2. Chablis and Grand Auxerrois 7,626 ha 30,000 ha under vine
  3. Other Regional Areas: 6,598
  4. Maconnais: 6,598
  5. Cote de Beaune and Hautes Cote de Beaune
  6. Cote de Nuits and Hautes Cote de Nuits 4,815 ha
  7. Cote Chalonnaisee 2,238 ha
59
Q

Warming trends in Burgundy have seen an approximate _ increase in growing season average temperatures

60
Q

Burgundy’s most planted grape

A

Beaunois
(Chardonnay)

61
Q

Chardonnay was once known as this: (not Beaunois)

A

Pinot-Chardonnay

62
Q

Pinot Noir accounts for this % of Burgundy

63
Q

Second most important white grape in Burgundy

64
Q

Where did César most likely originate

65
Q

Breakdown of Annual Production of Burgundy: White, Red and Rosé

A

White: 60.5%
Red and Rosé: 31.5%
Sparkling wine 8%

66
Q

Most heavily regulated region of France

67
Q

What does Croitre mean in French?

A

“To Grow” from which the term Cru is derived

68
Q

What is the difference between a lieu dit and climat

A

Lieu dit is a technical cadastral unit for geographers
climat is a “vignerons notion” based on terroir

The terms are nearly synonymous

69
Q

Is a parcel always contiguous in burgundy

A

YES, owned entirely by one grower
(Domaine Leflaive owns three parcels in Batard Montrachet)

70
Q

Definition of Commune

A

Administrative unit of local government encapsulating a town and its immediate surroundings.

71
Q

In Burgundy, grapes harvested from a parcel that qualifies for a Grand Cru AOP are also entitled to any lesser appellation beneath it, including premier cru (without a vineyard name), village, and even the Basic Bourgogne AOP. T/F?

A

TRUE
“Declassifying” is common

72
Q

From 1994-2014, George de Vogué’s Musigny blanc was labeled as this

A

Bourgogne AOP

73
Q

What are the two Zonal IGPs of the Cote d’Or

(THERE IS NO IGP THAT COVERS THE COTE D’OR GROWING REGION)

A

Coteaux de l’Auxois
Sainte-Marie-la Blanche

74
Q

What does Coteaux de l’Auxois IGP cover

A

Much of the Cote d’or departement north and west of the Hautes-Cotes appellations and does not overlap any AOPs of the Cote d’Or

75
Q

What does Sainte-Marie-la-Blanche IGP cover in Burgundy

A

Sits to the East of the D974 and the Cote de Beaune. Adjacent to Bourgogne AOP, but they do not overlap.

76
Q

First Modern Grand Cru Vineyard in Burgundy

A

Chambertin-Clos de Beze
630

Gift from Duke Amalgaire of Burgundy to monks of Abbey de Beze founded in same year

77
Q

What does Charmes mean?

A

Fallow scrubland

78
Q

First vineyard to be named by Climat in Burgundy, 1691

A

Chambertin

79
Q

What is the “Historie et statistique de la vigne et des grands vins de la Cote d’Or”

A

Jules Lavalle’s classification in 1855

80
Q

Lavalle’s classification tiers:

A

Hors Ligne: Tete de Cuvée (#1 and #2)
Premiere Cuvée
Deuxieme Cuvée
Troisieme Cuvée

81
Q

Lavalle’s Tete de Cuvee #1

A

Vosne: Romanée-Conti
Gevrey: Chambertin, Clos-de-Bèze
Vougeot: Clos de Vougeot
followed by…
Morey: Clos-de-Tart, Bonnes-Mares (part), Lambrays (part)
Aloxe: Corton (part)
Chambolle: Musigny
Vosne: Richebourg, Tâche, Romanée-Saint-Vivant (part)
Nuits: Saint-Georges

82
Q

Lavalle’s Tete de Cuvée #2

A

Vosne: Beaux-Monts
Nuits: Boudots, Cailles, Cras, Murgers, Porrets, Pruliers, Thorey, Vaucrains
Volnay: Caillerets, Champans
Puligny: Clavoillon
Chassagne: Clos-Morgeot
Gevrey: Clos-Saint-Jacques, Mazy, Varoilles
Chassagne: Clos-Saint-Jean, Clos-Pitois
Santenay: Clos-Tavannes, Noyer-Bart
Aloxe: Corton (part)
Premeaux: Corvées, Didiers, Fôrets
Flagey: Echézeaux
Beaune: Fèves, Grèves
Fixin: Perrières
Vosne: Romanée-Saint-Vivant (part)
Meursault: Santenot

83
Q

Lavalle’s classified white wines (1855)

A

Hors Ligne:
Puligny: Montrachet

Première Cuvée:
Puligny: Bâtard-Montrachet
Meursault: Perrières
Aloxe: Corton
followed by…
Meursault: Charmes, Combettes, Genevrières, Goutte-d’Or
Pernant: Charlemagne

84
Q

The first Appellation d’Origine law passed in 1919 and eliminated this practice in Burgundy

A

Coupage
(labeling vineyards based on taste profile alone)

85
Q

This Origine system created in 1935 was a forerunner to the INAO and AOC system

A

Comité National des Appellations d’Origine

86
Q

When did the first premier cru geographic designations go into effect

87
Q

When did UNESCO award Association des Climats du Vignoble de Bourgogne World Heritage status for Climats of Cote d’Or

88
Q

What is Napoleons “Cadastre” published in the early 1800s

A

His census map for all France, where Lieu-dit names were recorded. The official cadastre is used by the INAO and the Guild of Sommeliers, but spellings of lieu-dits may differ throughout France

89
Q

What is a “micro negociant”

A

Producer purchases small amounts of fruit for negociant project:

Domaine de Montille’s “Deux Montille”
Domaine Dujac “Dujac Fils & Pere”
Comte Armand “Benjamin Leroux” (under winemakers own name)

90
Q

These vineyards in Cote d’or Run North South rather than the common East-West orientation

A

La Romanée
Clos de Tart
Clos de Lambrays

91
Q

Cote d’or mandates this planting density

A

No fewer than 9,000 plants per ha
1x1 meter spacing (10,000 plants per ha is almost universal)
Height of .5 m off the ground

92
Q

What is an enjambeur in Burgundy

A

High clearance tractor which straddles the rows, necessary to deal with density

93
Q

Biodynamic producers in Burgundy

A

Jean-Claude Rateau (1979)
Domaine Leroy
DRC
Domaine Leflaive
Vincent Dauvissat
Comtes-Lafon
Comte Armand

94
Q

These vintages in Burgundy were plagued by rot and mildew

A

2007
2011
2012

95
Q

What was sodium arsenite once used for in Burgundy? When was it banned

A

Applied in Wintertime to control Eutypa Dieback, esca and dead arm (wood rotting fungal diseases that enter through wounds)

Banned in 2001

96
Q

What is Court-Noué? How is it spread

A

Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
Spread through Xiphinema index ( dagger nematodes)
Causes fruit set loss, stunted vine growth, yellowing and curling of leaves

97
Q

When did Flavescence Dorae (leafhopper insect spread) first come to Burgundy

A

2004

Northern Maconnais in 2011 caused alarm

98
Q

Is hailnetting legal in Burgundy

99
Q

Vineyards in Burgundy lose 1-2% annually from disease. What are two methods of replanting

A

Sélection clonale (replanting with a certified clone)
Sélection massale (propagating with existing material in the vineyard)

100
Q

When did Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc appear in Burgundy?

A

Gris: 1780s
Blanc: 1890s

101
Q

When was Chardonnay distinguished from Pinot Blanc

102
Q

What is “Pinot Gouges”

A

Pinot Blanc selection nicknamed by Clive Coates MW, appeared in 1936 among Pinot Noir Vines in Henri Gouges’ Clos des Porrets-Saint-Georges parcel

103
Q

What is Pinot Liébault?

A

A clone of Pinot Noir discovered in Gevrey-Chambertin by Vigneron A. Liébault with high consistent yields.

104
Q

These two broad categories of Pinot Noir field selections emerged after Phylloxera:

A

Pinot Droit (High yielding, upright growing vine)
Pinot Fin (Lower yielding vine that delivers more concentrated juice)

105
Q

In the 1960s in Burgundy, this was the preferred category of Pinot Noir field selection

A

Pinot Droit. Higher yielding

106
Q

Where did the first “Dijon” clones of Pinot Noir orignate in Burgundy?

A

Cuttings from 1961 in Domaine Ponsot’s Clos de la Roche Grand Cru parcel

107
Q

What is the name of the original Dijon clone

A

Bernard Clone
Named for Raymond Bernard
selected for resistance to disease
tendency to form smaller bunches and berries

108
Q

These three clones accounted for 3/4 of Pinot noir material distributed to Burgundy’s vignerons in the late 2000s

109
Q

Two common hybrid rootstocks which confer great lime tolerance in Burgundy

110
Q

What winemaking technique did Guy Accad take to extremes in the early 1990s

A

Cold Soak or cold maceration

111
Q

Producers of Burgundy famously making whole cluster wines

A

Dujac (Jeremy Seysses)
Domaine Romanée Conti

112
Q

This technique of pressing white grapes in Burgundy may be a contributing factor to Premox in White Burgundy

A

Whole cluster pressing

113
Q

These years in the decade of from 2000-2010 were hot and required acidification

114
Q

Is it illegal to chaptalize and acidify the same wine in Burgundy?

A

YES (but it happens)

115
Q

If Limestone content is higher in than Jurassic limestone, it is known as this:

A

argillaceous limestone

116
Q

If limestone content is lower than Jurassic limestone, it is known as this

A

Calcareous clay or marl

117
Q

Rauracien
Premeaux
Comblanchien
Local names in Burgundy for this:

A

Rocks of particular geologic ages

118
Q

What does colluvium mean

A

a mix of bedrock and material from higher up
Most Grand Crus on this soil mid slope, rather than alluvium of the lower slopes and plains

119
Q

Special, nutrient dense clay of Burgundy

A

Montmorillonite clay

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