General Burgundy/History/Laws Flashcards
1
Q
first producer in cote d’or to adopt a biodynamic approach
A
Domaine Jean-Claude Rateau
2
Q
Can GC Cote de Nuit and Beaune wines be chaptalized
A
YES
3
Q
What is Fermage
A
Leasing of land
4
Q
this little bug was blamed for pyrazines in 04 and 11
A
Harmonia axyridis
Ladybug taint
5
Q
Northernmost town in Côte d’Or
Southernmost town in Côte d’Or
A
Dijon (North)
Maranges (South)
6
Q
What is the D974
A
The axis that stretches north to south width not exceeding 2 km at an altitude of 300-400m
The “Route des Grands Crus” from Dijon to Corgoloin
7
Q
Most acreage under vine in Burgundy
A
Beaujolais (16,947ha)
Chablis (7,626ha)
other regional areas (6,598)
Maconnais (6,117)
Cote de Beaune/Hautes (4,815)
Chalonnaise (2,238)
8
Q
What year was Napoleonic code issued, what did it decree
A
1804 that land be divided equally amongst heirs
9
Q
Assemblage for Bourgogne AOP rouge
A
César may not exceed 49% of the blend. Gamay may not exceed 30% of the blend
10
Q
César may only be grown in this department for Bourgogne AOP
A
Yonne
11
Q
Assemblage for Bourgogne blanc AOP
A
Chardonnay
Pinot Blanc
Max 30% Pinot Gris
12
Q
Bourgogne Passe tout Grains encepagement
A
30% Pinot min
15% Gamay min
must be vinified together
13
Q
Bourgogne Mousseux is this
A
Sparkling red, from the 1820s
Still produced
14
Q
Cremant de Bourgogne AOP began this year
A
1975
15
Q
How many domaines in Burgundy as of 2013
A
BIVB verified:
3,949
16
Q
This percentage of Burgundy wines are sold by merchant houses
A
60%
17
Q
Where did Phyloxerra hit first in Burgundy?
A
Morgon 1874
Same year first wine press developed by Felix Marmonier in 1874!
Meursault 1878
Chablis 1887
18
Q
When was “lute Raisonée” defined by French ministry of Agriculture
A
2002
19
Q
In 1441 Philip the good ordered this
A
All vines east of Dijon be ripped out on flatlands
20
Q
First Negociants in Burgundy
A
1720 Maison Champy Maison Claude Morey
Maison La virotte 1725
Poulet Pere et Fils 1731
1731 Bouchard
(Early 1700s, they got on the scene)
21
Q
this designation allows for Gamay in Basic Bourgogne
A
Coteaux Bourguignons AOP
(Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOP in Cote d’or and Southern Burgundy)
22
Q
How many GC vineyards in Cote d’or
A
32
23
Q
What does “en foule” planting mean
A
In a crowd
Chaotic, en goblet trained vineyards of the past
24
Q
What is provinage
A
Air layering in which the rooting medium is bound to the plant rather than enclosed
25
Departements of Burgundy
Yonne
Cote d'or
Saone et Loire
Rhone
26
Sacy is only authorized for this in Burgundy
sparkling wine
27
Chardonnay (Beaunois) is a crossing of these grapes (so is gamay, so is Aligote, so is melon B)
Gouais blanc x Pinot
28
This man banned gamay in burgundy
Philip the Bold
1395 ripped up vines
"Gaamez"
29
When was climat allowed as a term by INAO
1935
1200 climats in Burgundy
30
Definition of a lieux-dit
Named single vineyard
one contiguous parcel
within single commune
31
what is a défricheur?
A cistercian monk, a land clearer, laying foundation for modern climats of Burgundy
32
What is a chapitre?
A chapel, a church or religious order
33
Average July-Aug temperature in Burgundy
68F
34
Average width of the trail of vineyards of Côte d’Or
1km
35
Cote d'or spans this
60km from Dijon to Maranges
36
Slimmest place in Cote d'or
Near the slope between communes of Corgoloin and Ladoix Serrigny
37
What is Pinot gris in Burgundy
Pinot Beurrot
38
Cote d'or vineyards are typically at this slope or gradient
10%
39
latitude of burgundy
46-48F
40
Wettest month in Burgundy
May
41
What is coupage in Burgundy history
Burgundy prior to 1919 law of appellation d'origine meant any wine could be labeled with vintage or climat based on taste profilee alone
42
Some subzones that can attach their name to Bourgogne AOP
Chitry
Cotes d'Auxerre
Cote d'or
Cote Chalonnaise
Cote Saint Jacques
Coulanges-laVineuse
Hautes Cote de Beaune
La Chapelle Notre Dame
Le Chapitree
Montrecul/Montre-cul
Cotes du Couchois
Epineuil
Tonnerre
43
Parents of Tressot (Rare variety in burgundy)
Tressot, a red variety dating from at least the 14th century, descends from Duras and Petite Verdot
44
What year was Gamay disqualified for general Bourgogne AOP rouge and rosé wines?
2011
45
What is the old name of Coteaux Bourguignons AOP
Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire AOP (2011 changed)
46
grand cru appellations, located only in the Côte d’Or and Chablis, account for less than \_\_\_% of the total production of Burgundy.
2%
47
Largest Landowner in Cote d'or
Bouchard Père & Fils is the largest landowner in the Côte d’Or, with 130 hectares of vines under its control.
48
the Benedictine order was the political and cultural center in western Europe during 10th and 11th century in this village
Cluny
49
first owners of Clos Vougeot
Cistercians
50
Great Vineyards in Cote d'or date back to this century
14th century
51
This producer was responsible for bringing cold maceration to Burgundy
Henri Jayer
52
Names of barrels in Burgundy
Piece 228 L
Feuillat 132 L (Chablis)
114L Cote d'or
53
Vines are trained this way in Burgundy
East West orientation
54
first producer of biodynamic wine in burgundy
Jean Claude Ratou
55
when did Domaine bottling begin in Burgundy
1920s
56
Negociants/domaine producers (do both)
Domaine Leroy
Dujac
Hubert de Montille
57
Average # of hectares in Burgundy owned by each Domaine
7-8 hectares average
58
Most hectares under vine in all of burgundy
1. Beaujolais 16, 947 ha
2. Chablis and Grand Auxerrois 7,626 ha 30,000 ha under vine
3. Other Regional Areas: 6,598
4. Maconnais: 6,598
5. Cote de Beaune and Hautes Cote de Beaune
6. Cote de Nuits and Hautes Cote de Nuits 4,815 ha
7. Cote Chalonnaisee 2,238 ha
59
Warming trends in Burgundy have seen an approximate _ increase in growing season average temperatures
1.3C
60
Burgundy's most planted grape
Beaunois
(Chardonnay)
61
Chardonnay was once known as this: (not Beaunois)
Pinot-Chardonnay
62
Pinot Noir accounts for this % of Burgundy
1/3
63
Second most important white grape in Burgundy
Aligoté
64
Where did César most likely originate
Germany
65
Breakdown of Annual Production of Burgundy: White, Red and Rosé
White: 60.5%
Red and Rosé: 31.5%
Sparkling wine 8%
66
Most heavily regulated region of France
Burgundy
67
What does Croitre mean in French?
"To Grow" from which the term Cru is derived
68
What is the difference between a lieu dit and climat
Lieu dit is a technical cadastral unit for geographers
climat is a "vignerons notion" based on terroir
The terms are nearly synonymous
69
Is a parcel always contiguous in burgundy
YES, owned entirely by one grower
(Domaine Leflaive owns three parcels in Batard Montrachet)
70
Definition of Commune
Administrative unit of local government encapsulating a town and its immediate surroundings.
71
In Burgundy, grapes harvested from a parcel that qualifies for a Grand Cru AOP are also entitled to any lesser appellation beneath it, including premier cru *(without a vineyard name),* village, and even the Basic Bourgogne AOP. T/F?
TRUE
"Declassifying" is common
72
From 1994-2014, George de Vogué's Musigny blanc was labeled as this
Bourgogne AOP
73
What are the two Zonal IGPs of the Cote d'Or
(THERE IS NO IGP THAT COVERS THE COTE D'OR GROWING REGION)
Coteaux de l'Auxois
Sainte-Marie-la Blanche
74
What does Coteaux de l'Auxois IGP cover
Much of the Cote d'or departement north and west of the Hautes-Cotes appellations and *does not overlap any AOPs of the Cote d'Or*
75
What does Sainte-Marie-la-Blanche IGP cover in Burgundy
Sits to the East of the D974 and the Cote de Beaune. Adjacent to Bourgogne AOP, *but they do not overlap.*
76
First Modern Grand Cru Vineyard in Burgundy
Chambertin-Clos de Beze
630
Gift from Duke Amalgaire of Burgundy to monks of Abbey de Beze founded in same year
77
What does Charmes mean?
Fallow scrubland
78
First vineyard to be named by Climat in Burgundy, 1691
Chambertin
79
What is the "Historie et statistique de la vigne et des grands vins de la Cote d'Or"
Jules Lavalle's classification in 1855
80
Lavalle's classification tiers:
Hors Ligne: Tete de Cuvée (#1 and #2)
Premiere Cuvée
Deuxieme Cuvée
Troisieme Cuvée
81
Lavalle's Tete de Cuvee #1
Vosne: Romanée-Conti
Gevrey: Chambertin, Clos-de-Bèze
Vougeot: Clos de Vougeot
followed by...
Morey: Clos-de-Tart, Bonnes-Mares (part), Lambrays (part)
Aloxe: Corton (part)
Chambolle: Musigny
Vosne: Richebourg, Tâche, Romanée-Saint-Vivant (part)
Nuits: Saint-Georges
82
Lavalle's Tete de Cuvée #2
Vosne: Beaux-Monts
Nuits: Boudots, Cailles, Cras, Murgers, Porrets, Pruliers, Thorey, Vaucrains
Volnay: Caillerets, Champans
Puligny: Clavoillon
Chassagne: Clos-Morgeot
Gevrey: Clos-Saint-Jacques, Mazy, Varoilles
Chassagne: Clos-Saint-Jean, Clos-Pitois
Santenay: Clos-Tavannes, Noyer-Bart
Aloxe: Corton (part)
Premeaux: Corvées, Didiers, Fôrets
Flagey: Echézeaux
Beaune: Fèves, Grèves
Fixin: Perrières
Vosne: Romanée-Saint-Vivant (part)
Meursault: Santenot
83
Lavalle's classified white wines (1855)
Hors Ligne:
Puligny: Montrachet
Première Cuvée:
Puligny: Bâtard-Montrachet
Meursault: Perrières
Aloxe: Corton
followed by...
Meursault: Charmes, Combettes, Genevrières, Goutte-d'Or
Pernant: Charlemagne
84
The first Appellation d'Origine law passed in 1919 and eliminated this practice in Burgundy
Coupage
(labeling vineyards based on taste profile alone)
85
This Origine system created in 1935 was a forerunner to the INAO and AOC system
Comité National des Appellations d'Origine
86
When did the first premier cru geographic designations go into effect
1942
87
When did UNESCO award Association des Climats du Vignoble de Bourgogne World Heritage status for Climats of Cote d'Or
2015
88
What is Napoleons "Cadastre" published in the early 1800s
His census map for all France, where Lieu-dit names were recorded. The official cadastre is used by the INAO and the Guild of Sommeliers, but spellings of lieu-dits may differ throughout France
89
What is a "micro negociant"
Producer purchases small amounts of fruit for negociant project:
Domaine de Montille's "Deux Montille"
Domaine Dujac "Dujac Fils & Pere"
Comte Armand "Benjamin Leroux" (under winemakers own name)
90
These vineyards in Cote d'or Run North South rather than the common East-West orientation
La Romanée
Clos de Tart
Clos de Lambrays
91
Cote d'or mandates this planting density
No fewer than 9,000 plants per ha
1x1 meter spacing (10,000 plants per ha is almost universal)
Height of .5 m off the ground
92
What is an enjambeur in Burgundy
High clearance tractor which straddles the rows, necessary to deal with density
93
Biodynamic producers in Burgundy
Jean-Claude Rateau (1979)
Domaine Leroy
DRC
Domaine Leflaive
Vincent Dauvissat
Comtes-Lafon
Comte Armand
94
These vintages in Burgundy were plagued by rot and mildew
2007
2011
2012
95
What was sodium arsenite once used for in Burgundy? When was it banned
Applied in Wintertime to control Eutypa Dieback, esca and dead arm (wood rotting fungal diseases that enter through wounds)
Banned in 2001
96
What is Court-Noué? How is it spread
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
Spread through Xiphinema index ( dagger nematodes)
Causes fruit set loss, stunted vine growth, yellowing and curling of leaves
97
When did Flavescence Dorae (leafhopper insect spread) first come to Burgundy
2004
Northern Maconnais in 2011 caused alarm
98
Is hailnetting legal in Burgundy
NO
99
Vineyards in Burgundy lose 1-2% annually from disease. What are two methods of replanting
Sélection clonale (replanting with a certified clone)
Sélection massale (propagating with existing material in the vineyard)
100
When did Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc appear in Burgundy?
Gris: 1780s
Blanc: 1890s
101
When was Chardonnay distinguished from Pinot Blanc
1868
102
What is "Pinot Gouges"
Pinot Blanc selection nicknamed by Clive Coates MW, appeared in 1936 among Pinot Noir Vines in Henri Gouges' Clos des Porrets-Saint-Georges parcel
103
What is Pinot Liébault?
A clone of Pinot Noir discovered in Gevrey-Chambertin by Vigneron A. Liébault with high consistent yields.
104
These two broad categories of Pinot Noir field selections emerged after Phylloxera:
Pinot Droit (High yielding, upright growing vine)
Pinot Fin (Lower yielding vine that delivers more concentrated juice)
105
In the 1960s in Burgundy, this was the preferred category of Pinot Noir field selection
Pinot Droit. Higher yielding
106
Where did the first "Dijon" clones of Pinot Noir orignate in Burgundy?
Cuttings from 1961 in Domaine Ponsot's Clos de la Roche Grand Cru parcel
107
What is the name of the original Dijon clone
Bernard Clone
Named for Raymond Bernard
selected for resistance to disease
tendency to form smaller bunches and berries
108
These three clones accounted for 3/4 of Pinot noir material distributed to Burgundy's vignerons in the late 2000s
115
666
777
109
Two common hybrid rootstocks which confer great lime tolerance in Burgundy
420A
3309C
110
What winemaking technique did Guy Accad take to extremes in the early 1990s
Cold Soak or cold maceration
111
Producers of Burgundy famously making whole cluster wines
Dujac (Jeremy Seysses)
Domaine Romanée Conti
112
This technique of pressing white grapes in Burgundy may be a contributing factor to Premox in White Burgundy
Whole cluster pressing
113
These years in the decade of from 2000-2010 were hot and required acidification
2003
2009
114
Is it illegal to chaptalize and acidify the same wine in Burgundy?
YES (but it happens)
115
If Limestone content is higher in than Jurassic limestone, it is known as this:
argillaceous limestone
116
If limestone content is lower than Jurassic limestone, it is known as this
Calcareous clay or marl
117
Rauracien
Premeaux
Comblanchien
Local names in Burgundy for this:
Rocks of particular geologic ages
118
What does colluvium mean
a mix of bedrock and material from higher up
Most Grand Crus on this soil mid slope, rather than alluvium of the lower slopes and plains
119
Special, nutrient dense clay of Burgundy
Montmorillonite clay
