Portugese Dry Wines Flashcards
In General, Northern portugal was planted by these people, and southern portugal by these?
Northern: Cistercians
Southern: Phoenicians
What was the main viticultural disease of the Azores?
Powdery mildew: impacted fine wine production in major way
Why are there so many own-rooted vines in Portugal
Alentejo, Dão, and Trás-os-Montes are remote and far flung, Colares is sandy
In response to Port and Madeira being heavily taxed (facism in Portugal) who created Grémio dos Exportadores de Vinho do Porto (Exporter’s Guild) in 1933?
António de Oliveira Salazar
Prime minister
Required mass production, hurt small growers
Soil of the Savannah of Alentejo?
Rich, red clay.
In Portugal, VdM can only display this?
“Portugal”
In 2017, this document was published detailing 262 indigenous grape varieties of Portugal?
Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Videira
Where is Sauvignon Blanc planted in Portugal?
Lisboa
This Grape originated in Vidiguera in Alentejo, and is a major grape in Talha wines of Vidiguera
Antão Vaz
Most important region for Arinto?
Bucelas DOP in Lisboa
Bical (white) is an important grape in this DOC (DOP)
Bairrada (important in sparkling)
where is Cercial grown?
Primarily Bairrada, Dao and Duoro
Loueiro (means Laurel), most planted in Vinho Verde, is beautifully expressed in this coastal zone of Vinho Verde?
Vale do Lima
Lima River Valley
Synonym for Malvasia Fina?
Boal
Most planted grape in the Azores?
Sercial (Arinto dos Açores, Esgana Cão)
resistant to powdery mildew
In Alentejo, Dão and Douro, what is Aragonez (tempranillo) called?
Tinta Roriz
Where in Portugal is Alicante Bouchet planted?
Northern Alentejo
Bastardo (trousseau) plantings are five times higher in Portugal than France! Where are most plantings?
Duoro
Dao is making excellent varietal examples
Where are most Jaen (Mencia) plantings in Portugal?
Dao
What is the most important blending component in the wines of Douro and Dão?
Touriga Nacional
What is Trincadeira called in Duoro?
Tinta Amarela
This grape of Vinho Verde was historically used to deepen Port?
Vinhao
Called Sousao in Duoro and Porto
These two climactic influences protect Moncao e Melgaco from the harsh Atlantic?
Minho River and Serra d’Arga
1908, the king of Portugal signed a declaration establishing seven wine regions?
Bucelas, Colares, Carcavelos, Dão, Madeira, Moscatel de Setúbal, and Vinho Verde.
These valleys of Vinho Verde are closer to the coast, lower elevation and known for Loureiro?
Lima (most important), Cávado, and Ave valleys
These valleys of Vinho Verde are in the more moutainous South East, closer to Baixo Corgo and produce much red wine and volume (spritzy wines)
Sousa, Basto, Amarante, Baião, and Paiva
Aveleda and Casal Garcia were big players in this region?
Vinho Verde
Who founded Soalheiro, in Monção e Melgaço
1974, João António Cerdeira
Focus on Albarino
In Vinho Verde DOC, red wine with more than 15% white grapes must be labeled as this?
palhete
Albarino can only be varietally designated in Vinho Verde if it comes from this subregion, or under the general DOC?
Moncao e Melgaco
Minimum Abv% for varietally labeled Albarino compared with that of Vinho Verde?
Albarino: 11.5%
Vinho Verde: 8%
With other subzone: 9%
Mino VR: 8%
Recently, producers of Tras os Montes are experimenting with this as an alternative to sulfur?
dried chestnut flowers
Where was SoGrape’s Mateus Rosé started before moving to Bairrada in the 70s?
Tras os Montes
Until 2006, Transmontano VR included dry wines made here?
Duoro
Rainfall of Duoro river Valley?
12 inches/year
In 1756, the Marquis de Pombal established this?
Douro Wine Company
(Companhia Geral da Agricultura dos Vinhos do Alto Douro)
Which area of the Duoro has ideal exposure and the most schist?
Cima Corgo
Baixo Corgo, with 35.5in rain annually has more granite and is for this style?
Table wine
in 1933, the Casa do Duoro regulated this?
Casa do Douro regulated vineyards and grape production
In 1933, Grémio dos Exportadores de Vinho do Porto regulated this
the international shipping of Port wine
1947, the agronomist Álvaro Moreira da Fonseca published this:
classification of every vineyard in Douro, grades A through I
What does a higher grade entitle a Port producer to?
Enables greater production
a license known as the “beneficio”
In the late 1930s, this Port producer traveled to Bordeaux and was inspired to create a Douro table wine that could compete with the first growths of France
Nicolau de Almeida technical director of the Port house Porto Ferreira
Ferreira’s Nicolau de Almeida sourced fruit for Barca Velha from this region of Duoro with steeper elevation?
Duoro Superior
1952
he released the first vintage of Casa Ferreirinha Barca Velha
These Port houses produce dry table wine?
Niepoort, Quinta do Noval, Quinta do Crasto, and Quinta Vale Dona Maria
What year was Duoro DOC established?
1998
highest-graded vineyard land for Port production is generally around this village
Pinhao
Why have farmers in Duoro seen a decline in their beneficios?
Demand for fortified wine has decreased globally
Rivers of Tavora-Varosa?
Varosa, Távora, Tedo, Torto
500 and 800 meters elevation
Most important variety for Tavora-Varosa sparkling wines?
Malvasia Fina
Bical also planted
Always traditional method
Color grape most planted in Tavora-Varosa?
White
Most pressing viticultural problem in coastal Bairrada?
Mildew: High humidity
Soil of Bairrada?
Bairrada is derived from barro, the Portuguese word for “clay”
What creates sassafras and spearmint aromas in Bairrada wines?
pine and eucalyptus forests
Why did Marquis de Pombal uproot the vines of Bairrada?
Ensure that the grapes of Port were exclusively from the Douro valley.
This man was the first to promote the sparkling wines of Bairrada?
António Augusto de Aguiar
This region produces over 2/3 of Portugal’s sparkling wine?
Bairrada DOP
Why did cooperatives increase greatly mid century in Bairrada?
SoGrape moved production of Mateus Rosé there from Duoro in 1970s
What is Luis Pato’s green harvesting strategy?
following veraison, a large proportion of fruit (up to 75%) is harvested from the vines and used for sparkling wine production. The remaining fruit on the vine both receives greater airflow and has less competition for the plant’s resources, decreasing mildew pressure and advancing ripeness.
Bairrada “Classico” requires this % Baga?
50%
White wines of Bairrada are primarily this
Maria Gomes and Bical
This mountain forms the Southeastern Border of Dao, blocking much of the hot, dry air from Alentejo and the Iberian interior
Serra da Estrella
These mountains of Dao to the West and Southwest are shorter than Serra da Estrella, allowing streams of cool air
Serra do Buçaco and Serra do Caramulo
Seven subregions of Dao
Serra da Estrela, in the southeast, (most well known) followed clockwise by Alva, Besteiros, Silgueiros, Castendo, and Terras de Azurara, with Terras de Senhorim in the middle.
with significant plantings of Bastardo (Trousseau) and Alfrocheiro in the 12th century and acclaim for the region’s wines in Europe by the late 19th and early 20th century, The French called Dão this:
“Bourgogne de Sud”
Most important grape of Dao (dominated by red wine production at 80%)
Touriga Nacional
In Beira Interior DOP, Castelo Rodrigo and Cova de Beira surround this river?
Coa river
In Beira interior, what is picarra?
Large veins of schist
This subregion of Beira Interior is just east of Dão, in the eastern foothills of the Serra da Estrela
Cova da Beira
Where are the Sintra Mountains?
Just West of Lisbon
Where are the Scorro, Archeira, Montejunto, Candeeiros, and Aire ranges?
Curving to North east of Lisbon
Why does Lisboa have an extreme maritime climate?
Cold air is trapped between Atlantic and the mountain ranges to its East
Why does the Setúbal Peninsula allow for richer wines?
No mountain ranges blocking hot winds from Alentejo Savannah
What was the old name of Lisboa when it was established in 1986?
Estremadura “Extreme edge of Christendom”
Monastery in Alcobaca
Why was Carcavelos established as one of the first demarcated wine regions for fortified wine?
Marquis de Pombal left one exception for Port production for fruit from his own vineyards in the town of Oeiras, in what is today Carcavelos
What is the only producer that continues to make fortified wines of Carcavelos?
Villa Oeiras
Grapes allowed for Carcavelos DOC?
White: 75% combined Arinto, Ratinho, and Galego Dourado
Red: 75% combined Castelão and Negra Mole
What is the westernmost wine region and the westernmost piece of land in Continental Europe?
Colares DOP
Mountains of Colares?
Sintra Mountains
Why, after Portugal joined the EU in 1986, did Colares face challenges?
EU wine law mandated that grant money be available only to vineyards planted on grafted rootstock
What does Chao Rijo(a) mean?
“hard floor” limestone soils
Grapes grown on ONLY Chao Rijo soils produce wine that can only be labeled as this:
VR Lisboa
What is “Portugese Hock”
Bucelas DOP, the genetic home of Arinto
Bucelas wines are 75% Arinto and in these styles?
Still, dry white and sparkling
Sercial in Madeira is this grape in Bucelas?
Escana Cao
Subregions of Lisboa?
Alcobaca and Ourém
In Medieval de Ourém, how are 80% Fernão Pires and 20% Trincadeira fermented?
Fermented separately and then combined, with red grape must. 40 hl/ha, lowest yield requirement in all Lisboa
In Tejo, what is the name for the floodplains surrounding the river conducive to viticulture?
lezíria
Fernão Pires planted here
Subzones of DO Tejo North of the river?
Cartaxo, closest to Lisbon, followed by Santarém and Tomar
Subzones of DO Tejo south of the river?
Coruche, Almeirim, and Chamusca
Mountain range of Setubal?
Serra da Arrábida
This producer is responsible for Setubal’s wine reputation?
José Maria da Fonseca (JMF), founded in 1834: First large-scale table wine producer in Portugal
Local name for Muscat of Alexandria in Setubal?
Moscatel
Two of the oldest estates in Alentejo DOP?
Tapada do Chaves Portalegre
Herdade do Mouchão Borba.
Where did the Vinhos do Talhas (2011) tradition come from?
Phoenicians and Romans
Where is the Serra do Sao Mamede?
Portalegre (granite soil)
Alentejo
Where is the Serra d’Ossa, with limestone plateau?
Borba (Alentejo)
Where is Herdade do Mouchão, one of Portugal’s oldest estate producers of table wine, founded in 1901
Borba
Alicante Bouschet is planted in hills of Borba
Most important co-op of Redondo? (Alentejo)
Adega de Redondo, established in 1956
Soil of évora? (Alentejo)
Rich red clay soils, with occasional outcroppings of granite
What is the name of the reservoir that Reguengos, Granja-Amareleja, and Moura straddle in Alentejo?
Vidia
What is the co-op that dominates the warm, African influenced sub-region of Regenguos? (Alentejo)
Reguengos co-op, CARMIM
The cooling influence of the Atlantic is strongest in this subregion of Alentejo?
Vidiguera (means “Grapevine”)
What is pes?
a mixture of olive oil, pine resin, and beeswax that lines the Talhas in Vinhos do Talha DOC
Soils of Algarve?
Mesozoic limestone
In Algarve, these grapes are recommended?
Negra Mole, Castelão, and Trincadeira recommended for red wines, and Arinto (Pedernã) and Síria (Roupeiro) for white wines.
Four DOCs of Algarve?
Portimão, Lagoa, Lagos, and Tavira
Lagoa doesn’t allow Castelao
Lagos DOC recommends Malvasia Fina
This island was referred to as “Legnami”
Madeira: Isle of Woods
Porto santo: “Deserte”
Average growing season temperature in Madeira?
25 degrees Celsius (high 70s, mild)
Why did wine grapes in Madeira become an important crop in the 17th century?
Sugar cane industry collapsed
In this year, hybrid grape varieties were officially banned in Madeira production
1979
(spurring traditional grape variety replantings: Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia, and Bastardo)
In 1988, this Port producer invested heavily in Madeira Wine Company and with Broadbent, relaunched the Madeira category in the US as a fine-wine concept
Symington Family
In 1991, one of Madeira’s remaining shippers abandoned the bulk wine business and refocused on high-quality, estate-bottled production?
Barbeito
Most used grapes for Dry wines of Madeirenses?
Tinta Negra
Verdelho
In 2014, this partnership between winemaker António Maçanita’s Vinhos Fitapreta and local winemaker Paulo Machado’s Insula Vinus was founded in the Azores?
Azores Wine Company
What is “chão de biscoitos”
Pebbly lava “floor of cookies” found in Pico (most important island of Azores)
What is Pahoehoe?
Smoother, more contigous lava flow soil that must be broken up before planting. On Pico
What is Portugal’s tallest mountain?
Mount Pico
Warmest microclimate and most planted zone on Pico (Azores)
Criação Velha
Biscoitos DOP (named for lava soil) is on this island?
Terceira
What are jeirões (singular jarão?
mazes of volcanic stone walls on Pico and Terceira
Contain “Canadas”
which contain “Currais”
Layers of Walled vineyards that ensure wind cannot get through
Grapes of the Azores?
White wines from Verdelho and Arinto dos Açores
Why is oxidation a concern for white wines of Azores?
Soil has high potassium levels, leading to high PH in wines
Azores VR is for all styles of wine in Azores. In the DOs, wines must be this:
80% combined Verdelho, Arinto dos Açores, and Terrantez do Pico
