WEEK OF FEBRUARY 6 th , 2012 PART I – FFP – MULTIPLE DWELLINGS (Sec. 1 – 5) PART II – COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL CH. #8 PART III – AUC 287, 331, 345, 346 & 348 PART IV – STEAM EMERGENCIES INSTRUCTOR: BC Gene DiTaranto Flashcards
PART I – FFP – MULTIPLE DWELLINGS (Sec. 1 – 5) PART II – COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL CH. #8 PART III – AUC 287, 331, 345, 346 & 348 PART IV – STEAM EMERGENCIES
2) To ensure all members comply with the provisions of AUC 329/Managing Members in Distress. When giving assignments, the Officer on duty shall ensure members are reminded of their designations as safety team members. These members must be aware that this designation is based on their unit’s order of arrival at the box and will change as additional units arrive. While operating members shall pay particular attention to the following provisions: From the list below please choose the incorrect provision? (MD sec, 1.1.4) A) When a fire progresses past the incipient stage, the fire area must be considered an IDLH atmosphere. Every member entering the IDLH must be equipped with personal protective equipment and a self-contained breathing apparatus. B) No member shall enter an IDLH atmosphere unless the member teams-up with at least one other member and remains within voice or visual contact with that member. C) If a suspected life hazard is found and immediate action could prevent the loss of life, appropriate action (rescue activity) may be taken by the individual member. D) If rescue activity is conducted by a member, the Incident Commander must be immediately notified and appropriate adjustments made
2-C
1) Every Fire Officer needs to study Multiple Dwelling definitions as well as certain terminology that would apply to MDs. From the list below please choose the incorrect definition? (Multiple Dwellings, definitions) A) A building housing three or more families in which residency is permanent in nature is considered a Class A Multiple Dwelling. B) A multiple dwelling which is occupied transiently is considered a Class B Multiple Dwelling. C) A partition under the 1938 Building Code provided for the purpose of protecting life by furnishing an area of exit, or refuge, and having a fire resistive rating of at least three hours is considered a fire partition. D) A wall provided under the 1938 Building Code primarily for the purpose of resisting the passage of fire from one structure to another or from one area of a structure to another, and having a fire resistive rating of at least four hours is considered a fire wall
1-D
Fire wall A fire-rated, smoke tight wall having protected openings designed to
restrict the spread of fire from one structure to another, or from one area of
a structure to another. It extends continuously from the foundation to, or
through, the roof with sufficient structural stability to withstand the
collapse of construction on either side of it. Fire Wall ratings for 1968 BC
are rated at 4 hours; 2008 BC are rated at 2 or 3 hours depending on
occupancy.
3) Old Law Tenements built before 4/12/01 had the following characteristics: Please choose the incorrect characteristic? (MD, sec 2.1) A) Three to seven stories in height. B) 20’ or 25’ wide and 50’ to 85’ deep. C) Class 3, non-fireproof construction (brick walls, wood floor beams and wood floors) D) Entrance to the basement is by a side or rear door at that level via an exterior stair from the first floor, or through a passageway located in the front of the building
3-D
5) Other Class “A” NFP multiple dwellings built after 4/18/29 included the following features: Please choose the correct feature(s) for these types of Multiple Dwellings? (MD, sec 2.2.3) A) After 4/18/29 the Class “A” apartment type of multiple dwelling were no longer called “Tenements” and became known as “Apartment Houses.” B) Between 1930 and 1940 firewalls were required to be carried to the underside of the roof boards and after 1940 to the top of the roof boards. These changes were designed to effectively reduce the size of the cockloft and limit fire spread. C) The size of the area to be enclosed by fire walls is 2,500 square feet or less. This is larger than the area of an OLT and it should be realized that there are several of these areas under one roof of later built multiple dwellings. D) The limitation of height, six stories or 75 feet, for NFP residence buildings, is bypassed for buildings that are built on grades. It is not unusual to find a NFP seven, eight, or nine story building with no standpipe
- A B D
4) Newer types of NLT’s erected between 1916 and 1929 included the following features: Please choose the correct feature(s) for NLT’s erected between 1916 and 1929? (MD, sec 2.2.2) A) They had a much larger floor area, i.e. 150’ x 200’. B) To avoid being required to be built of fireproof construction, the floor areas were broken up into units of 3,000 square feet or less. C) Dividing walls in these types of NLTs only go as high as the ceiling of the top floor. This results in a very large undivided cockloft area. Fire can, and often does, spread throughout this large cockloft area. D) Unprotected steel beams are used to support some of the wood floor joists. These steel beams are supported by vertical steel columns which run the height of the building. E) Wooden floor joists (beams) run horizontally from brick wall to a steel girder or from a steel girder to a steel girder
4-A, C, D, E
2.3 NEW LAW TENEMENTS BUILT BETWEEN 1916 AND 1929 (Figure 5)
They had a much larger floor area, e.g. 150’ x 200’.
To avoid being required to be built of fi
reproof construction, the floor areas were
broken up into areas of 2,500 square feet or
less. This means that between some
apartments there are brick or fireproof partitions which effectively limit the
horizontal spread of fire. However, these
dividing walls only go as high as the ceiling
of the top floor. This results in a very
large undivided cockloft area. Fire can, and
often does, spread throughout this large cockloft area.
Unprotected steel beams are used to suppor
t some of the wood floor joists. These
steel beams are supported by vertical steel
columns which run the height of the
building.
Wooden floor joists (beams) run horizontally fr
om brick wall to a steel girder or from
a steel girder to a steel girder.
There are dumbwaiter shafts located in the
apartments. In most cases, 2 apartments
share 1 dumbwaiter. They terminate on the roof in a bulkhead with a skylight on top.
6) Every good Fire Tech student should know the following general Engine Company operations at Multiple Dwelling fires? Please choose the correct operation(s)? A) (MD, sec 3.2) In most cases, the first line is stretched via the interior stairs to the location of the fire. B) The purpose of the first line is to protect the primary means of egress for occupants evacuating the building and to confine and extinguish the fire. C) An exception to stretching the first line up the interior stairs may be made when smoke is issuing from windows opening onto the fire escape and endangering people trying to come down the fire escape. In this case, the first line may be operated from the street to protect people on the fire escape. D) If the entrance door to the building is self-closing and equipped with a locking device the first member entering the building should use a chock, rug or other means of preventing the door from locking and thereby delaying other members trying to enter the building
- A, B, D
7) The first line stretched for a fire in a multiple dwelling should be stretched by way of the interior stairs. The primary purpose of this line is to safeguard the stairway so that it can be used by the escaping occupants. The door to the fire apartment must not be opened while people are coming down the stairway from the floors above. When the safety of the stairway is assured, this first line may be advanced to extinguish the fire. From the list below please choose the incorrect placement for additional lines on the first alarm at MD fires? (MD, sec 3.2.12) A) The second hose-line is also usually stretched by way of the interior stairs to the same floor as the first line. It is meant to augment the first line, if necessary. If not needed on the original fire floor it is then advanced to the floor above. B) The third line in the building should usually be stretched via the fire escape. This is especially true in Old Law Tenements because the stairway is narrow and the stretching of a third line via the interior stairs would result in congestion and inability to move any of the hoselines. C) In some cases, the second or third lines may be urgently needed in one of the exposures. The decision as to the location to which these lines shall be stretched rests with Chief Officers only and is based on their size-up of the fire situation. D) At a fire in an Old Law Tenement it is often necessary to stretch the second line or the third line into Exposure 2 or 4 because fire has extended or is about to extend across the narrow shaft or shafts between buildings
- C
In some cases, the second or third lines may be urgently needed in one of the
exposures. The decision as to the location to which these lines shall be
stretched rests with the Incident Commander, and is based on his/her size-up
of the fire situation.
8) In order to provide a reliable and uninterrupted flow of water, all arriving engine and squad companies (assigned as an engine) at Multiple Dwelling fires shall locate and connect to a positive water source (hydrant, drafting, etc.). The failure to select and test a hydrant can cause a delay in stretching additional lines especially if it becomes necessary to back up the engine in order to locate a hydrant. If the engine gets blocked in by other responding units, the delay becomes even greater. Engine company officers and chauffeurs must be prepared to immediately adjust operations and seek alternate sources of supply such as using gated inlets and in-line pumping if the original hydrant proves inadequate. From the list below please choose the correct engine company operation(s) at MD fires? (MD, sec 3.2.6, 3.2.7, 3.2.8, 3.2.10) A) If two or more apartments are involved in fire with lines being used in each apartment, companies should be aware of the possibility of fire getting behind them through the ceiling space if the line in the adjacent apartment is not advancing as rapidly as theirs. B) Do not clutter up the interior stairs. After three lines have been stretched up a stairway, additional lines should be stretched via fire escapes or windows, making use of ropes to pull up hose-lines. C) Hose-lines can be operated into ventilation holes from the roof if needed, however IC approval is needed. D) A roof line should be used only to prevent fire from extending past the trench, to protect exposures, or to extinguish fire that cannot be reached from below, such as fire in a cornice
- A, D
3.2.9 Hoselines should not be operated into ventilation holes from the roof as this
decreases ventilation and nullifies the action of lines operating on the top floor.
A roof line should be used only to prevent fire from extending past the trench, to
protect exposures, or to extinguish fire that cannot be reached from below, such
as fire in a cornice.
3.2.7 If two or more apartments are involved in fire, with lines being used in each
apartment, companies should be aware of the possibility of fire getting behind
them through the ceiling space if the line in the adjacent apartment is not
advancing as rapidly as theirs.
9) When a serious fire occurs on the top floor or in the cockloft of a Multiple Dwelling, it may be necessary to cut openings in the roof to ventilate and stop the horizontal spread of the fire. Cutting holes in the roof must be done only when necessary. However, when the decision has been made to cut the roof, a sufficiently large hole should be made directly over the fire, using portable saws. If possible, the long side of the opening should be at right angles to the roof beams in order to provide venting of as many bays as possible. From the list below please choose the incorrect action to follow at MD fires? (MD, sec 3.3.7, 3.3.8, 3.3.9) A) Venting the windows on the top floor, in conjunction with the hole in the roof, will usually result in an in-draft of fresh air into the top floor which will be carried out along with heat and smoke through the roof opening and permit advance of hose-lines, search, rescue and opening up operations. B) When fire is on top floor or in the cockloft, sufficient firefighters with hooks must be sent to the top floor to pull ceilings, especially for the larger non-fireproof multiple dwellings. C) Windows should be opened 2/3’s from the top and 1/3 from the bottom to allow heat and smoke to vent and cool air to enter the room. D) It is the responsibility of the first Chief Officer to arrive to determine the location of the fire, whether it is extending and to where it is extending
9-D
10) The Incident Commander must keep in mind that fire in Non-Fireproof Multiple Dwellings can extend very quickly to the floors above and to the exposures. The I.C. must transmit special calls and/or greater alarms promptly when conditions warrant such actions. Please choose from the list below the correct special calls or greater alarms? (MD, sec 3.4.4) A) For a fire in an Old Law or New Law Tenement, special call an extra engine and truck for fire on two floors. If progress is not made on at least one floor in a short period of time, transmit a 2nd alarm. B)If fire is in a shaft extending into an exposure, transmit a 2nd alarm. C) If fire is extending into two exposures, transmit a 3rd alarm. D.All of the above
10-D
11) The first firefighter inside the fire building must make known to their officer and other members the manner in which the floors and apartments are designated, i.e., whether numerically or alphabetically. Apartment 2E could be on the second floor or on the fifth floor. Please indicate if you agree or disagree with the above paragraph? (MD, sec 3.5.5) A) Agree or D) Disagree
11-B
12) Gas meters in Multiple Dwellings are usually in the cellar but they may also be found in apartments and in public hallways. If gas meters are burning or leaking please choose the correct action(s) to take from the list below? (MD, sec 3.5.9) A) If gas meters are burning they should be allowed to continue to burn until the gas supply is shut off. B) If fire at the meter is extinguished before the gas supply is shut off, gas will continue to discharge and an explosion or flash fire may occur when the gas comes in contact with a source of ignition. C) Combustible material near the burning meter should be wet down after the gas supply is shut off. D) If gas is leaking without being ignited, the gas supply should be shut off and the area ventilated as much as possible. Fog lines may be used for venting. E) A leak or break in the piping may be stopped or greatly diminished by stuffing rags, paper, etc., into the break
12-A, B, D, E
14) You are working a 9x6 in Engine 100 when you respond to a cellar fire in an Old Law Tenement. You would know as a sharp Fire Tech student that one of the actions listed below for cellar fires in Old Law Tenements is incorrect? A) (MD, sec 4.2.1) The first line should be stretched to the cellar entrance door which is located inside the building, under the interior stairway on the first floor. B) The first line should remain at the cellar entrance door to provide protection for people coming down the stairway, and to extinguish fire which may be extending upwards from the cellar via partitions, dumbwaiter shafts and other voids. C) The first line should not be advanced down the cellar stairs if there is an outside entrance to the cellar at the front or rear of the building, unless of course, the fire is major. D) The second hose-line stretched should be advanced into the cellar by way of the front or rear entrance to the cellar
14-C
fire is MINOR
16) Fires in stairways in Old Law Tenements present a serious situation since the stairway is the primary means of egress for the occupants. If the fire extended into the stairway from an apartment, it is possible that the fire escape exit may also be cut off by flame from the apartment windows. From the choices below please choose the correct tactic(s) when dealing with stairway fires in OLT’s? (MD, sec 4.2.4) A) The first hose-line should be stretched up the stairway, operated to extinguish fire, shut down and advanced further up the stairway. B) When possible, the 2nd line should be operated up the well-hole to cool off the hall and stairs above. This procedure should be repeated until the 2nd line is advanced to the fire floor. C) A second line should follow to finish up extinguishing operations and to serve as protection for members advancing the first line. Apartments must be checked for possible extension of fire in them. D) Ventilation at the roof over the stairway is extremely important so that hose-line can advance up the stairway
16-A, C, D
15) Store fires in Old Law Tenements may involve a large amount of combustible material. Please choose the correct choice(s) below for store fires in OLT’s? (MD, sec 4.2.2) A) A charged hose-line must be ready before the store is ventilated. It is especially important that no plate glass windows be broken without a charged line being ready. B) C) Stores in OLT’s may have a door which opens into the public hallway on the first floor. The first floor public hallway should be examined immediately to determine whether the means of egress for the occupants of the building is in danger from the store fire. If so, a hoseline should be positioned to protect the interior stairs. D) Store owners may use the rear of the store as their living quarters, so it is important to search the rear of stores as soon as possible. E) A 1 3/4” line should be stretched for large volume fires and a second line stretched to the entrance hallway. When assured that the second line is not needed on the first floor it may be advanced to the floor above the fire
15-A, B, C, D,
17) Windows opening on shafts in Old Law Tenements may provide means for fire to extend into a building or into two buildings. This is true especially in warm weather when windows may be open. Prompt examination must be made to determine if fire has extended into buildings, and windows must be closed to prevent fire or flying brands from entering. In some shafts there are doors at cellar level leading into cellars of both buildings. From the choices below please choose the incorrect tactic(s) for Air and Light and Dumbwaiter Shaft Fires? (MD, sec 4.2.6) A) A hose-line should be stretched to the nearest point from which water can be directed onto fire in the shaft. Sufficient hose must be stretched to reach the upper floors of the building. B) A second hose-line may be necessary if it appears that fire might have extended into the upper floors of the original fire building. C) In some cases the base of the shaft may be the roof of a store or ceiling of a cellar and the fire may burn down into the store or cellar. D) For fires in rooms in the vicinity of a shaft, before the fire in the room has been controlled, the line should be operated up the shaft to extinguish fire and cool the shaft
17-B
4.7.3 A second hoseline may be necessary if it appears that fire might have extended
into the adjoining building.
17) Windows opening on shafts in Old Law Tenements may provide means for fire to extend into a building or into two buildings. This is true especially in warm weather when windows may be open. Prompt examination must be made to determine if fire has extended into buildings, and windows must be closed to prevent fire or flying brands from entering. In some shafts there are doors at cellar level leading into cellars of both buildings. From the choices below please choose the incorrect tactic(s) for Air and Light and Dumbwaiter Shaft Fires? (MD, sec 4.2.6) A) A hose-line should be stretched to the nearest point from which water can be directed onto fire in the shaft. Sufficient hose must be stretched to reach the upper floors of the building. B) A second hose-line may be necessary if it appears that fire might have extended into the upper floors of the original fire building. C) In some cases the base of the shaft may be the roof of a store or ceiling of a cellar and the fire may burn down into the store or cellar. D) For fires in rooms in the vicinity of a shaft, before the fire in the room has been controlled, the line should be operated up the shaft to extinguish fire and cool the shaft
17-B
4.7.3 A second hoseline may be necessary if it appears that fire might have extended
into the adjoining building.
4.7.6 For fires in rooms in the vicinity of a shaft, after the fire in the room has been
knocked down, the line should be operated into the shaft in order to knock down
the shaft fire before continuing through the apartment for knockdown and final
extinguishment.
19) It is no longer permitted to convert OLT’s to Single Room Occupancies but thousands of such buildings have been converted and are still being used as Single Room Occupancies (SRO’s). (MD, sec 4.3.5) A) In these SRO’s the individual rooms in each apartment are rented to occupants and the bathroom and kitchen facilities are used by all of the occupants of the apartment. B) Each individual room is equipped with a lock; many with padlocks on the outside. Just because a door is found padlocked, do not assume that the room is empty. Someone may be locked in the room. Entry must be made and all rooms searched. C) The layout of the rooms must be arranged so that each occupant has access to both means of egress (stairs and fire escape) without having to go through another person’s room. D) These buildings require sprinklers in each room and in the stairway. The sprinkler system has no roof tank; it is supplied from the water main in the street. The system cannot be supplied by the Fire Department. E) These SRO’s also require an interior alarm system to warn the occupants of fire. Exit lights and signs must be provided. From the list above please choose the correct choices
19-ALL
20) Party Wall Balcony Fire Escapes in OLT’s do not have ladders connecting fire escape balconies. Instead they are arranged so that the fire escape balconies connect two or more buildings. In the event of fire, the occupants would use the fire escape balcony to escape to an adjoining building. The roof firefighter must inform his/her officer and the Incident Commander of the presence of party wall balconies in the rear of the building. The Incident Commander should consider calling an additional _______________ to aid in rescue and search via the rear party wall balcony. A line may have to be stretched to the rear to protect the occupants and firefighters on the balconies. Portable ladders may also have to be brought to the rear. Please choose the appropriate resource that the IC should call for from the list below? (MD, sec 4.3.8) A) Rescue Company B. Ladder Company C. Squad Company D. Additional Engine and Ladder
- B
21) Some Class “A” non-fireproof multiple dwellings built after 1901 are referred to as Htypes. Steel in the H-type structure creates concerns for the fire service: (MD, sec 5.1.1 (C) A) Steel when heated expands, and substantial elongation can occur at a fire. This elongation can cause a wall to bulge, move, or even collapse if the steel is set within the wall. B) Steel when heated to higher temperatures during a fire may fail. Floor beams supported by such failing steel will fall to the floor below. C) Steel columns or girders, generally in an “I” beam shape, transmit fire and heat. The “I” beam or channel rail, as it is sometimes called, when in the form of a column located in the inner framework of a building may extend from the first floor up into the roof space or cockloft area. D) The space between the enclosing wood framework and “I” beam, when in the form of a vertical column, leads up into the cockloft and many times spreads to this roof space. Please choose the correct concern(s) from the choices above
21-A, B, C, D
22) The number and location of stairways do not adhere to a common pattern in H-Types. Some stairways will be found near the front entrance; others will be some distance away. In some instances there will be no access from one wing to another or from one part of the building to another. Generally, on the first floor there is access between wings. Stairway construction usually is of the return type, some with no wells, making hose-line stretches more difficult. Some stairways will have windows at the half landing facing the street, courtyard or front entrance courtyard. There are usually two to four independent stairs in “H” type buildings as follows: (MD, sec 5.1.1 (E) A) Transverse stairs: these stairs usually are located at points remote from each other, but a person can go (transverse) from one stairway to another via the public hall on all floors of the building. B) Wing stairs: these stairs, one or two, are located at the front and rear of each wing. They are a tremendous asset in heavy fire operations on the top floor. C) Isolated stairs: these stairs are usually identified by their individual entrances. Floor landings are recognized by their limited space and absence of a public hall. D) It is essential that once the stair layout is recognized, this information be relayed by handietalkie. This is vital in the size-up picture. Please choose the incorrect choice above
- B
Transverse stairs-these stairs are usually located at points remote from each
other, but a person can go (transverse) from one stairway to another via the
public hall on all floors of the building. Their layouts ease evacuation, assist
in examination and permit lines to be stretched to any apartment, via any
stairs. They are a tremendous asset in heavy fire operations on the top floor.
Wing stairs-these stairs, one or two, are located at the front and rear of each
wing. The floor landing leads to the public hall that will join the other stairs
in that wing only (if two stairs). The public hall does not transverse to the
other wing of the “H”.
Isolated stairs-these stairs are usually identified by their individual entrances.
Floor landings are recognized by their limited space and absence of a public
hall. Access is limited to the apartments served by the stairs, and there is no
access to other wings and hoseline operations are confined to their limited
area.
It is essential that once the stair layout is recognized, this information be relayed
by handie-talkie. This is vital in the size-up picture.
23) To provide stability to these large “H” shaped buildings, a steel framework is employed. Steel columns (Channel Rails) are erected vertically from the foundation to the cockloft. Their locations vary according to the architects design, and are at times difficult to find. They are often located in voids behind closets. Our main concern is that they are not fire stopped. This provides a chimney effect for fire travel from the first floor to all apartments above and to the cockloft. These vertical voids, about one foot square, may be larger when the void is built to include waste and water pipes. Please indicate if you agree or disagree with the below statement? (MD, sec 5.1.1 (F) When the fire is knocked down and opening up begins, areas where the lath has been burned must be examined for the presence of these columns (Channel Rails). If detected, locations below the fire must be checked immediately. A) Agree or D) Disagree
23-B