Vitamin A Flashcards by Jamaira Belmes

Endogenously Synthesized Vitamins

Vitamin D
Vitamin K
Biotin
Pantothenic Acid
Niacin

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Provitamins of Vitamin A present in PLANTS

Carotenoids

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Most prevalent carotenoid in the food supply that has provitamin A activity

B-Carotene

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Protection against macular degeneration

Lutein

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Protection against prostate cancer

Lycopene

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The ONLY form of vitamin A that can be absorbed by intestinal cells

Retinol

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Functions of Vitamin A

Maintenance of vision
Normal reproduction
Maintenance of skin and mucosa
Antioxidant properties

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Supports reproduction of cells

RETINOL

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Support embryogenesis

RETINOIC ACID

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MC vitamin deficiency worldwide

Vitamin A deficiency

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MC cause of preventable blindness worldwide

Vitamin A deficiency

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Collective term for ALL ocular manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency

Xerophthalmia

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Earliest SIGN of Vitamin A deficiency

Loss of sensitivity to GREEN LIGHT

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Earliest SYMPTOM of Vitamin A deficiency

Nyctalopia (night blindness)

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Dryness of the conjunctiva

XEROSIS

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White patches of keratinized epithelium appearing on the sclera

BITOT SPOTS

Softening of the cornea

Keratomalacia

Epithelial metaplasia and keratinization –> FOLLICULAR HYPERKERATOSIS

Phynoderma or Toad Skin

Common in arctic explorers eating polar bear liver

Vitamin A Toxicity

Acute Vitamin A Toxicity

Pseudotumor cerebri: headache, vomiting, blurred vision, stupor

Chronic Vitamin A Toxicity

Increased risk for fractures (hip)
Teratogenic in pregnancy
Seborrhea
Alopecia
Hepatosplenomegaly

Used to treat SEVERE CYSTIC ACNE

Oral Isotretinoin

Used to treat ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

All trans tretinoic acid