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Biochemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Main metabolic fuel for BRAIN, RENAL MEDULLA, CORNEA, RETINA, TESTIS, RBC

A

GLUCOSE

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2
Q

Most predominant sugar in human in the body

Universal fuel of the FETUS

A

GLUCOSE

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3
Q

Obtained from FRUIT juices

Present in SEMINAL FLUID

A

Fructose

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4
Q

Simplest carbohydrates of biological interest

A

Glyceraldehyde

Dihydroxyacetone

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5
Q

Pentoses which constitute a part of Nucleic acid

A

Riboses

Deoxyriboses

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6
Q

Nanoses with biologic significance

A

Neuraminic Acid

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7
Q

Obtained from lactose in dairy products

Constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

GALACTOSE

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8
Q

Constituent of glycoproteins

A

Mannose

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9
Q

Structural component of nucleic acids and coenzymes

Removal of the hydroxyl group at C2 yields deoxyribose

A

RIBOSE

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10
Q

Intermediate in Pentose Phosphate Pathway

A

Ribulose

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11
Q

Excreted in the urine in ESSENTIAL PENTOSURIA

A

Xylulose

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12
Q

Glucose + Fructose

A

SUCROSE

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13
Q

Glucose + Galactose

A

Lactose

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14
Q

Glucose + Glucose

A

MALTOSE

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15
Q

Reducing Disaccharides

A

Maltose
Isomaltose
Lactose
Lactulose

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16
Q

Nonreducing Disaccharides

A

Trehalose

Sucrose (cane sugar)

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17
Q

Storage form of carbohydrates in PLANTS

A

STARCH

Amylose
Amylopectin

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18
Q

Storage form of glucose in ANIMALS

A

GLYCOGEN

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19
Q

Found in exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects and mushrooms

A

Chitin

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20
Q

Chief constituents of PLANT CELL WALL

A

Cellulose

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21
Q

Found in roots of dahlias, chicory, onion, garlic, dandelions

Used in clearance test to determine GFR

A

Inulin (Fructosan)

22
Q

Used as PLASMA VOLUME EXPANDER

23
Q

Different compounds having the same molecular(chemical) formula

24
Q

Isomers that differ in configuration around only one specific carbon atom

A

EPIMER

2nd Epimer of Glucose - MANNOSE
3rd Epimer of Glucose - ALLOSE
4th Epimer of Glucose - GALACTOSE

25
Structures that are MIRROR IMAGES of each other optical isomers or stereoisomers
ENANTIOMERS ``` D sugar (dextrorotatory -clockwise) L sugar (levorotatory - counterclockwise) ```
26
Most of the naturally occuring monosaccharides are
D isomers
27
Cyclic (ring structures) Prominent monosaccharides in AQUEOUS solutions
FURANOSE - w/ 5 membered ring PYRANOSE - w/ 6 membered ring
28
Property of ANOMERIC carbon atom Interconversion from alpha -->beta form WITHOUT energy expenditure
MUTAROTATION
29
Equimolar mixture of of optical isomers which has no net rotation of plane polarized light
RACEMIC MIXTURE
30
Monosaccharide with NO ASYMMETRIC CARBON ATOM
Dihydroxyacetone
31
Widely distributed glucose transporter
GLUT 1
32
Most abundant glucose transporter in RBC
GLUT 1
33
MAJOR GLUCOSE transporter of BRAIN
GLUT 1
34
MAJOR GLUCOSE transporter of NEURONS
GLUT 3
35
MAJOR GLUCOSE transporter of PLACENTA
GLUT 1
36
Glucose transporter of BLASTOCYST
GLUT 8
37
INSULIN DEPENDENT glucose transporters
GLUT 4 GLUT 8 GLUT 12
38
Used in URATE TRANSPORTER
GLUT 9
39
Major component of ECM
MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES (GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS) - GAG
40
Tests for REDUCING SUBSTANCES in urine
Benedict's test | Fehling's test
41
Carbohydrates that give positive Benedict's test
Pentoses, Fructose, Glucose, Galactose | Lactose, Maltose, Isomaltose
42
Which of the ff carbohydrate metabolism is used for LIVER FUNCTION ASSESSMENT
Galactose Tolerance Test
43
A 4 year old boy with mental retardation, dysostosis multiplex, coarse facial features, clear cornea. What is the diagnosis? a. MPS Type IV b. Hunter's Disease c. Hurler's Disease d. Zellweger Syndrome
b. Hunter's Disease
44
Mucopolysacchridoses which are lysosomal storage disease occur d.t. abnormality in
Hydrolase enzyme
45
Glycogenin is a
Polypeptide
46
Complex polysaccharides are converted to glucose and absorbed by the help of
Sucrase Maltase Iso-maltase Lactase
47
After overnight fasting, levels of glucose transporters are reduced in a. Brain cells b. RBCs c. Adipocyte d. Hepatocyte
c. Adipocyte
48
Glucose transporter in myocyte stimulated by insulin is
GLUT 4
49
Defect in renal glucosuria
SGLT2
50
Facilitated transport of glucose that is insulin insensitive (non-dependent) takes place in
LIVER
51
Glucose transporter present in RBC
GLUT 1

Biochemistry (75 decks)

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