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Biochemistry > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Main metabolic fuel for BRAIN, RENAL MEDULLA, CORNEA, RETINA, TESTIS, RBC

A

GLUCOSE

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2
Q

Most predominant sugar in human in the body

Universal fuel of the FETUS

A

GLUCOSE

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3
Q

Obtained from FRUIT juices

Present in SEMINAL FLUID

A

Fructose

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4
Q

Simplest carbohydrates of biological interest

A

Glyceraldehyde

Dihydroxyacetone

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5
Q

Pentoses which constitute a part of Nucleic acid

A

Riboses

Deoxyriboses

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6
Q

Nanoses with biologic significance

A

Neuraminic Acid

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7
Q

Obtained from lactose in dairy products

Constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins

A

GALACTOSE

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8
Q

Constituent of glycoproteins

A

Mannose

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9
Q

Structural component of nucleic acids and coenzymes

Removal of the hydroxyl group at C2 yields deoxyribose

A

RIBOSE

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10
Q

Intermediate in Pentose Phosphate Pathway

A

Ribulose

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11
Q

Excreted in the urine in ESSENTIAL PENTOSURIA

A

Xylulose

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12
Q

Glucose + Fructose

A

SUCROSE

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13
Q

Glucose + Galactose

A

Lactose

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14
Q

Glucose + Glucose

A

MALTOSE

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15
Q

Reducing Disaccharides

A

Maltose
Isomaltose
Lactose
Lactulose

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16
Q

Nonreducing Disaccharides

A

Trehalose

Sucrose (cane sugar)

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17
Q

Storage form of carbohydrates in PLANTS

A

STARCH

Amylose
Amylopectin

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18
Q

Storage form of glucose in ANIMALS

A

GLYCOGEN

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19
Q

Found in exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects and mushrooms

A

Chitin

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20
Q

Chief constituents of PLANT CELL WALL

A

Cellulose

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21
Q

Found in roots of dahlias, chicory, onion, garlic, dandelions

Used in clearance test to determine GFR

A

Inulin (Fructosan)

22
Q

Used as PLASMA VOLUME EXPANDER

A

Dextran

23
Q

Different compounds having the same molecular(chemical) formula

A

ISOMERS

24
Q

Isomers that differ in configuration around only one specific carbon atom

A

EPIMER

2nd Epimer of Glucose - MANNOSE
3rd Epimer of Glucose - ALLOSE
4th Epimer of Glucose - GALACTOSE

25
Q

Structures that are MIRROR IMAGES of each other

optical isomers or stereoisomers

A

ENANTIOMERS

D sugar (dextrorotatory -clockwise)
L sugar (levorotatory - counterclockwise)
26
Q

Most of the naturally occuring monosaccharides are

A

D isomers

27
Q

Cyclic (ring structures)

Prominent monosaccharides in AQUEOUS solutions

A

FURANOSE - w/ 5 membered ring

PYRANOSE - w/ 6 membered ring

28
Q

Property of ANOMERIC carbon atom

Interconversion from alpha –>beta form WITHOUT energy expenditure

A

MUTAROTATION

29
Q

Equimolar mixture of of optical isomers which has no net rotation of plane polarized light

A

RACEMIC MIXTURE

30
Q

Monosaccharide with NO ASYMMETRIC CARBON ATOM

A

Dihydroxyacetone

31
Q

Widely distributed glucose transporter

A

GLUT 1

32
Q

Most abundant glucose transporter in RBC

A

GLUT 1

33
Q

MAJOR GLUCOSE transporter of BRAIN

A

GLUT 1

34
Q

MAJOR GLUCOSE transporter of NEURONS

A

GLUT 3

35
Q

MAJOR GLUCOSE transporter of PLACENTA

A

GLUT 1

36
Q

Glucose transporter of BLASTOCYST

A

GLUT 8

37
Q

INSULIN DEPENDENT glucose transporters

A

GLUT 4
GLUT 8
GLUT 12

38
Q

Used in URATE TRANSPORTER

A

GLUT 9

39
Q

Major component of ECM

A

MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES (GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS) - GAG

40
Q

Tests for REDUCING SUBSTANCES in urine

A

Benedict’s test

Fehling’s test

41
Q

Carbohydrates that give positive Benedict’s test

A

Pentoses, Fructose, Glucose, Galactose

Lactose, Maltose, Isomaltose

42
Q

Which of the ff carbohydrate metabolism is used for LIVER FUNCTION ASSESSMENT

A

Galactose Tolerance Test

43
Q

A 4 year old boy with mental retardation, dysostosis multiplex, coarse facial features, clear cornea. What is the diagnosis?

a. MPS Type IV
b. Hunter’s Disease
c. Hurler’s Disease
d. Zellweger Syndrome

A

b. Hunter’s Disease

44
Q

Mucopolysacchridoses which are lysosomal storage disease occur d.t. abnormality in

A

Hydrolase enzyme

45
Q

Glycogenin is a

A

Polypeptide

46
Q

Complex polysaccharides are converted to glucose and absorbed by the help of

A

Sucrase
Maltase
Iso-maltase
Lactase

47
Q

After overnight fasting, levels of glucose transporters are reduced in

a. Brain cells
b. RBCs
c. Adipocyte
d. Hepatocyte

A

c. Adipocyte

48
Q

Glucose transporter in myocyte stimulated by insulin is

A

GLUT 4

49
Q

Defect in renal glucosuria

A

SGLT2

50
Q

Facilitated transport of glucose that is insulin insensitive (non-dependent) takes place in

A

LIVER

51
Q

Glucose transporter present in RBC

A

GLUT 1

Biochemistry (75 decks)

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