Chemistry and Metabolism of Amino Acids

Question 1

General Structure of Alpha Amino Acid

Answer 1

acid (carboxyl group)
basic (amino group)
r group (distinct side chain)

Question 2

Non-alpha AA present in tissues in free form

Answer 2

Beta alanine
Beta aminoisobutyrate
gamma aminoisobutyrate

Question 3

Amino acid that is an IMINO ACID

Answer 3

Proline

Question 4

Simple Amino Acid

Answer 4

Glycine

Alanine

Question 5

Branched Chain AA

Answer 5

LIV

Lysine
Isoleucine
Valine

Question 6

Sulfur Containing AA

Answer 6

Cysteine

Methionine

Question 7

Hydroxyl Containing AA

Answer 7

Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine

Question 8

AA w/ Amide Group

Answer 8

Asparagine

Glutamine

Question 9

Acidic Amino Acid

Answer 9

Aspartate

Glutamate

Question 10

Basic Amino Acid

Answer 10

Arginine - MOST BASIC
Lysine
Histidine

Question 11

Aromatic AA

Answer 11

Histidine
Phenyalanine
Tyrosine - w/ OH group
Tryptophan

Question 12

With heterocyclic Aromatic Ring

Answer 12

Tryptophan

Histidine - basic AA

Question 13

Disrupts the alpha helix structure of proteins

Answer 13

PG

Proline
Glycine

Question 14

SMALLEST SIDE CHAIN

Answer 14

Glycine

Question 15

LARGEST SIDE CHAIN

Answer 15

Tryptophan

Question 16

MOST BASIC AA

Answer 16

Arginine

Question 17

MOST ACIDIC AA

Answer 17

Aspartic Acid

Question 18

Known as the 21st AA

Answer 18

SELENOCYSTEINE

Question 19

Known as the 22nd AA (found in Archaea)

Answer 19

PYRROLYSINE

Question 20

PURELY KETOGENIC AA

Answer 20

LEUCINE

Question 21

BOTH Ketogenic and Glucogenic

Answer 21

Phenylalanine
Isoleucine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Lysine - predominantly ketogenic

Question 22

AA which absorb 250-290 nm UV light

Answer 22

Tryptophan
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine

Question 23

Formed from cytosine and uracil

Answer 23

Beta-Alanine

Question 24

MC amino acid that undergo oxidative deamination

Answer 24

Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)

Question 25

General test for proteins

Cupric ions in alkaline medium forms VIOLET color w/ peptide bond nitrogen

Answer 25

BIURET TEST - needs a minimum of 2 peptide bonds

dipeptides and individual AA - do not answer biuret test

Question 26

General test for all alpha amino acids

Answer 26

Ninhydrin Test

AA + 2 mols of Ninhydrin –> aldehyde w/ 1 carbon atom less + CO2 + Purple Complex (Ruhemann’s purple)

AA which do NOT give purple color

Proline and Hydroxyproline - YELLOW

Glutamine and Asparagine - BROWN

Question 27

Determined by the AA sequence of protein

Answer 27

Primary Structure

N terminus to C terminus

Question 28

The ONLY structure preserved in denaturation

Answer 28

Primary Structure

Question 29

Folding of SEGMENTS of polypeptides

Stabilized by hydrogen bonds

Answer 29

Secondary Structure

alpha helix
beta sheets

Question 30

Alpha helix

Answer 30

Keratin

Hemoglobin

Question 31

Beta sheets

Answer 31

Amyloid

Immunoglobulins

Question 32

Overall 3D structure of of proteins

Stabilized by disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions

Answer 32

Tertiary Structure

Question 33

Interaction of atleast 2 peptide chains (tertiary structure)

Answer 33

Quaternary Structure