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Biochemistry > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

Measure of change in HEAT content of the reactants and products

A

Change in Enthalpy

joules

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2
Q

Measure of change in RANDOMNESS or DISORDER of the reactants and products

A

Change in Entropy

joules/Kelvin

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3
Q

Energy available to do work

Predicts the direction in which a reaction will spontaneously proceed

A

Change in Free Energy

negative delta G – spontaneous and favorable reaction

delta G = delta H - T delta S

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4
Q

Released energy

Spontaneous; Favorable

A

Exergonic reaction

negative delta G

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5
Q

Requires energy

Not spontaneous; not favorable

A

Endergonic reaction

positive delta G

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6
Q

ATP structure - nucleotide

A

ADENINE attached to RIBOSE + 3 phosphate groups

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7
Q

Compounds that when you remove phosphate produce more energy

Used to make ATP

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Carbamoyl phosphate

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate

Creatine phosphate

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8
Q

Methods of producing ATP

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

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9
Q

2 Requirements of Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Oxygen

Mitochondria

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10
Q

Part of mitochondria that is FREELY PERMEABLE to most molecules

A

OUTER MEMBRANE

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11
Q

Part of mitochondria that is IMPERMEABLE to most molecules

A

INNER MEMBRANE

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12
Q

Part of mitochondria that INCREASE surface are

A

Cristae

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13
Q

Part of mitochondria that contains enzymes, mtDNA, mtRNA, mitochondrial ribosomes

A

Matrix

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14
Q

Final common pathway by which electrons from different fuels of the body flow to oxygen

INNER mitochondria

A

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

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15
Q

2 electron carriers used in ETC

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) - from vitamin B3

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) - from vitamin B2

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16
Q

Final electron acceptor

A

OXYGEN

17
Q

Components of ETC

A

Complex I NADH coenzyme Q Oxidoreductase

Complex II Succinate Q reductase

Complex III Q Cytochrome C oxidoreductase

Complex IV Cytochrome c oxidase

18
Q

Also called the 5th complex of ETC

The SMALLEST molecular motor present in the human body

INNER mitochondrial membrane

A

ATP-Synthase (Complex V)

19
Q

The ONLY NON-PROTEIN component of the ETC

A

Coenzyme Q (Ubiquinone)

20
Q

Mobile electron carrier b/w Complex III and Complex IV

Play a role in PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH

A

Cytochrome C

21
Q

All component of ETC are fixed to the inner mitochondrial membrane EXCEPT

A 
Coenzyme Q (Ubiquinone)
Cytochrome C
22
Q

Theory that postulates that the 2 processes, OXIDATION and PHOSPHORYLATION are coupled by a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Explains how the free energy generated by the transport of electrons by the ETC is used to produce ATP from ADP + Pi

A

Chemiosmotic Theory (Mitchell Hypothesis)

23
Q

Tissue hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen –> decreased activity of ETC

ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation –> SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION - does NOT require oxygen

24
Q

Inhibitors of Complex I NADH coenzyme Q Oxidoreductase

A

Barbiturates (Amobarbital)
Piericidin A
Amytal
Rotenone

25
Q

Inhibitors of Complex II Succinate Q reductase

A

Malonate
Carboxin
TTFA

26
Q

Inhibitors of Complex III Q Cytochrome C oxidoreductase

A

Antimycin A

Dimercaprol

27
Q

Inhibitors of Complex IV Cytochrome c oxidase

A

Cyanide
Carbon monoxide
H2S
Sodium azide

28
Q

Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation

Increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to protons

Disruption of proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

A

2,4 dinitrophenol
Aspirin (overdose)
Thermogenin in brown fat

29
Q

Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by (-) the transporter of ADP into and ATP out of the mitochondrion

A

Actratyloside

30
Q

ATP synthase (-)

Completely blocks oxidation and phosphorylation

A

Oligomycin

31
Q

Unstable products that are formed as a byproduct of ETC

Produced by neutrophils to kill bacteria

A

REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES

superoxide
hydrogen peroxide
hydroxyl radical

Biochemistry (75 decks)

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