Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

MACROMINERALS (major elements)

A

daily requirement >100 mg/day

Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Sulfur
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2
Q

MICROMINERALS (trace elements)

A

daily requirement <100 mg/day

Iron
Zinc
etc.

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3
Q

ULTRA TRACE ELEMENTS

A

daily requirements <1mg/day

Iodine
Molybdenum
Selenium

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4
Q

For oxygen binding

For ABSORPTION by ENTEROCYTES

A

FERROUS (Fe2+)

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5
Q

For TRANSPORT in blood via TRANSFERRIN

For STORAGE in enterocytes, liver, spleen, bone marrow (via apoferritin + ferric iron = ferritin)

A

FERRIC (Fe3+)

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6
Q

For oxygen binding

For ABSORPTION by enterocytes

A

FERROUS (Fe2+)

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7
Q

For TRANSPORT in blood (via TRANSFERRIN)

For STORAGE in enterocytes, liver, spleen, bone marrow

A

FERRIC (Fe3+)

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8
Q

Site of iron absorption

A

PROXIMAL DUODENUM

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9
Q

Favors reduction of FERRIC IRON to FERROUS IRON

A

Vitamin C

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10
Q

Facilitates transfer of iron from the apical surfaces of enterocytes into their interior

A

Divalent Metal Transporter (DMT1)

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11
Q

Fate of Iron into Enterocytes

A

stored as FERRITIN

travel across basolateral membrane converts ferrous to ferric via HEPHAESTIN (Cu containing protein) –> attaches to TRANSFERRIN

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12
Q

Chief regulator of systemic iron homeostasis

A

HEPCIDIN

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13
Q

Constituent of Vitamin B 12

A

Cobalt

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14
Q

Cobalt deficiency

A

Macrocytic anemia

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15
Q

Potentiates the ACTION OF INSULIN in patients w/ impaired glucose tolerance by increasing insulin receptor mediated signaling

A

Chromium

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16
Q

Chromium deficiency

A

Impaired Glucose Tolerance

17
Q

Constituent of bone and teeth

A

Fluoride

18
Q

Fluoride deficiency

A

Dental caries

19
Q

Fluoride toxicity

A

Fluorosis - mottled and pitted defects in tooth enamel

20
Q

Cofactor for xanthine OSIDASE, sulfite OXIDASE, aldehyde OXIDASE

A

Molybdenum

21
Q

Molybdenum deficiency

A

Severe neurologic abnormalities

Xanthinuria

22
Q

Cofactor for Glutathione Peroxidase Deiodinase, Thioredoxin Reductase

ANTIOXIDANT along with Vitamin E

A

Selenium

23
Q

Selenium deficiency

A

Keshan’s disease (Cardiomyopathy) - heart failure, striated muscle degeneration

24
Q

Selenium toxicity

A

Kaschin-beck Disease - garlic breath, brittle nail myopathy

25
Q

Functions of Zinc

A

integral component of many metalloenzymes in the body

synthesis and stabilization of proteins, DNA and RNA

binding of steroid hormone receptors

for normal spermatogenesis, fetal growth, embryonic devt

26
Q

Zinc toxicity

A
growth retardation
decreased taste and smell
alopecia
dermatitis
diarrhea
immune dysfunction
failure to thrive
gonadal atrophy
congenital malformation
impaired wound healing
27
Q

Cofactor for arginase, carboxylase, KINASE, enolase, glucosyl transferase, phosphoglucomutase

Required for RNA polymerase

A

Manganese