Lipids Flashcards
Transported in CHYLOMICRONS
LONG CHAIN FA
C16
Directly absorbed in the bloodstream – HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
Medium Chain FA
C8-C14
Directly absorbed in the bloodstream – HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
FOOD for the COLONOCYTES
Short Chain Fatty Acids
C2-C6
NO DOUBLE BOND in the hydrocarbon chain
fatty is saturated with HYDROGEN
all C-C bonds are SINGLE BONDS
SATURATED FA
At least ONE DOUBLE BOND in the hydrocarbon is present
UNSATURATED FA
H atoms found on the SAME side
CIS form
H atoms found on the OPPOSITE side
TRANS FORM
ONLY 1 DOUBLE BOND
Monounsaturated FA
MORE THAN 1 DOUBLE BOND
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
Linoleic Acid
a- linolenic acid
SEMI ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
Arachidonic acid – from linoleic acid
Omega 3 FA
alpha linolenic acid timnodonic acid (eicosa pentaenoic acid) cervonic acid (docosa hexaenoic acid) (DHA)
Omega 6 series
Linoleic acid Linolenic acid (GLA) Arachidonic acid
Omega 9 series
Oleic acid
Elaidic acid
SIMPLE LIPIDS
FA + glycerol
COMPLEX LIPIDS
FA + (glycerol/sphingosine) + phosphoric acid/carbohydrates/proteins
Docosa Hexaenoic Acid (DHA)
SOURCES: human milk, fish liver oils, algal oils
synthesized in the body from alpha linolenic acid
HIGHEST CONCENTRATION - RETINA, CEREBRAL CORTEX, SPERM
Associated with LOW DHA
INCREASED RISK OF RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Main storage form of lipids in the body
TRIACYLGLYCEROL (Triglyceride, neutral fat)
Glycerophospholipid Components
Glycerol
FA esterified to the first 2 carbon atoms
Nitrogenous base
Phosphoric Acid
Components of Phosphatidic Acid
SIMPLEST PHOSPHOLIPID
Glycerol
FA esterified to the first 2 carbon atoms
Phosphoric Acid
Most abundant phospholipid of cell membrane
LARGEST BODY STORE OF CHOLINE
LECITHIN (Phosphatidylcholine)
Glycerophospholipid w/ Ethanolamine as nitrogenous base
Play role in BLOOD COAGULATION
Cephalin (Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine)
ONLY phospholipids which possess ANTIGENICITY
CARDIOLIPIN
recognized by antibodies raised against T. pallidum (syphilis)
Nitrogenous base - SERINE
Plays an important role in PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
Phosphatidylserine
Present in the CELL MEMBRANE
Play an important role in CELL SIGNALLING and MEMBRANE TRAFFICKING
Precursor of 2nd messenger in hormonal pathways
Phosphatidylinositolr
Found in OUTER LEAFLET OF CELL MEMBRANE BILAYER
Abundant in LIPID RAFTS and MYELIN SHEATH
Play a role in cell signalling and apoptosis
Sphingomyelins
Complex lipids which contain carbohydrate but NO phosphoric acid
GLYCOLIPIDS
Cerebroside
Globoside
Ganglioside
Ceramide + Monosaccharide
CEREBROSIDE
Glucocerebroside - ceramide + glucose
Galactocerebroside - ceramide + galactose
Ceramide + Oligosaccharide
Globoside
Ceramide + Oligosaccharide with NANA or sialic acid
Ganglioside
The simplest ganglioside found in tissues
GM3 ganglioside
ceramide + glucose + galactose + NANA
Known to be receptor for CHOLERA TOXIN in human intestine
GM 1 Ganglioside
FA required in the diet d.t. inability of human cells to synthesize
Essential FA
Refers to the location of sites of UNSATURATION relative to the omega end
Omega Fatty Acid
FA with a single site on unsaturation
MONOUNSATURATED FA (MUFA)
Oleic acid - omega 9 MUFA - most physiologically significant MUFA
FA with a multiple sites of unsaturation
POLYUNSATURATED FA (MUFA)
omega 3 and omega 6 PUFA
