VFI-L5-student life

Question 1

*take / study a course
*do homework
*describes someone who studies a lot= studious
* things that stop you from working = distractions
* a sound you can hear, but do not actively listen to = background noise
*two different types of homework or school task= project, assignment (تکلیف)

Answer 1

• to study for an exam= revise (مرور کردن، بازبینی کردن)
  *another word for syllabus= curriculum (برنامه آموزشی,دوره تحصیلات، برنامه تحصیلی)
• to check your work= review
• to do something with great difficulty = struggle
• I got into trouble at school.
  *I think you can only really learn from experience.

Question 2

• kindergarten/ nursery (شیرخوارگاه، مهد کودک)
• primary/ elementary school
  *junior/ senior
  *first grade= first level
  *scholarship/ grant
  *high/ secondary school
  *private / public school
  *single-sex/ mixed school
• a funding/ a grant

Question 3

learn = get new knowledge or skills .
* I’m learning English/ I’m learning to knit (بافتن)
*take a course (NOT learn a course)
**prepositions after learn : learn about / learn from/ learn to
*I learned a lot from this course.

Question 4

studious (adjective)
/ˈstudiəs/
—
studiously (adverb)
/ˈstudiəsli/

Answer 4

• spending a lot of time studying or reading
  = scholarly (پژوهشگر، دانشمندانه)
  *a studious young man
  —
  -in a way that is carefully planned and deliberate
  *He studiously avoided answering the question.

Question 5

overcome (verb)
/ˌoʊvərˈkʌm/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they overcome
he / she / it overcomes
past simple overcame
past participle overcome
-ing form overcoming

Answer 5

1- overcome something to succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem that has been preventing you from achieving something
*She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal.

2- overcome somebody/something to defeat someone
*In the final game Sweden easily overcame France.

3- [usually passive] overcome somebody to be extremely strongly affected by something
= overwhelm (آشفته کردن، مستاصل کردن)
*Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.

Question 6

concentrate (verb)
/ˈkɑnsnˌtreɪt/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they concentrate
he / she / it concentrates
past simple concentrated
-ing form concentrating

Answer 6

1- [intransitive, transitive] to give all your attention to something and not think about anything else
*concentrate (on something/on doing something) // I can’t concentrate with all that noise going on.

2- [transitive] concentrate something + adv./prep. to bring something together in one place
*Power is largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite.

3- [transitive] concentrate something (technology) to increase the strength of a substance by reducing its volume, for example by boiling it
= reduce

Question 7

preference (noun)
/ˈprɛfrəns/

Answer 7

1- [uncountable, singular] preference (for somebody/something) a greater interest in or desire for someone or something than someone or something else
*It’s a matter of personal preference.

2- [countable] a thing that is liked better or best
*a study of consumer preferences

Question 8

organize (verb)
/ˈɔrɡəˌnaɪz/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they organize
he / she / it organizes
past simple organized
-ing form organizing
—
organizer (noun)

Answer 8

1- [transitive] organize something to arrange for something to happen or to be provided
*to organize a meeting/party/trip

2- [transitive] organize something to arrange something or the parts of something into a particular order or structure
*Modern computers can organize large amounts of data very quickly.

3- [transitive] organize yourself/somebody to plan your/someone’s work and activities in an efficient way
*I’m sure you don’t need me to organize you.

4- [transitive, intransitive] organize (somebody/yourself) (into something) to form a group of people with a shared aim, especially a union or political party
*the right of workers to organize themselves into unions.
—
*the organizers of the festival

Question 9

protractor (noun)
/ˈproʊtræktər/

Answer 9

-an instrument for measuring and drawing angles, usually made from a half circle of clear plastic with degrees (0° to 180°) marked on it
(نقاله)

Question 10

compass (noun)
/ˈkʌmpəs/

Answer 10

1- (also magnetic compass) [countable] an instrument for finding direction, with a needle that always points to the north
*a map and compass

2- [countable] (also compasses [plural]) an instrument with two long thin parts joined together at the top, used for drawing circles and measuring distances on a map

3- [singular] (formal) a range or an extent, especially of what can be achieved in a particular situation
*the compass of a singer’s voice (= the range from the lowest to the highest note that he or she can sing)

Question 11

revise (verb)
/rɪˈvaɪz/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they revise
he / she / it revises
past simple revised
-ing form revising

Answer 11

1- [transitive] revise something to change your opinions or plans, for example because of something you have learned
*I can see I’ll have to revise my opinion of his abilities now

2- [transitive] revise something to change something, such as a book or an estimate, in order to correct or improve it
*a revised edition of a textbook
(مرور کردن، بازبینی کردن)

Question 12

curriculum (noun)
/kəˈrɪkyələm/
(pl. curricula /kəˈrɪkyələ/ or curriculums)

Answer 12

• the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.
  *the school curriculum
  *Spanish is in the curriculum.
  (برنامه آموزشی,دوره تحصیلات، برنامه تحصیلی)

Question 13

lecturer (noun)
/ˈlɛktʃərər/

Answer 13

1- a person who gives a lecture
*She’s an excellent lecturer.

2- a person who teaches at a university or college on a temporary basis
*He’s a lecturer in French at Princeton.

Question 14

teach (verb)
/titʃ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they teach
he / she / it teaches
past simple taught
-ing form teaching

Question 15

dyslexia (noun)
/dɪsˈlɛksiə/
[uncountable]
—
dyslexic ( adjective)
/dɪsˈlɛksɪk/
—
dyslexic (noun)

Answer 15

*He’s dyslexic.
—
*writing courses for dyslexics

Question 16

ancient (adjective)
/ˈeɪnʃənt/
—
anciently (adverb)

Answer 16

1- belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past
*ancient civilization
*ancient Greece
&Opposite modern

2- very old; having existed for a very long time
*an ancient oak tree

*The area where the market was anciently held (= in ancient times).

Question 17

multiplication (noun)
/ˌmʌltəpləˈkeɪʃn/
[uncountable]

Answer 17

-the act or process of multiplying
*the multiplication sign (×)
*Multiplication of cells leads to rapid growth of the organism.
(ضرب، افزایش، تکثیر)

Question 18

scope (verb)
/skoʊp/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they scope
he / she / it scopes
past simple scoped
-ing form scoping
—
scope (noun)
/skoʊp/
[uncountable]

Answer 18

1- scope something (informal) to look at or examine something thoroughly
*His eyes scoped the room, trying to spot her in the crowd.

2- scope something (out) to examine something carefully before you start work on it so that you know the size of the task
*The information helped us scope the project.
—
1- the opportunity or ability to do or achieve something
= potential
*scope (for something)// There’s still plenty of scope for improvement.

2- the range of things that a subject, an organization, an activity, etc. deals with
*Our powers are limited in scope.

3- -scope (in nouns) an instrument for looking through or watching something with
*microscope

Question 19

controversy (noun)
/ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi/
[uncountable, countable] (pl. controversies) controversy (over/about/surrounding somebody/something)
—
controversial (adjective)
/ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃl/
—
controversially (adverb)
/ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəli/

Answer 19

• public discussion and argument about something that many people strongly disagree about, disapprove of, or are shocked by
  *to arouse/cause controversy
  *a bitter controversy over/about the site of the new airport
  (مشاجره، مناقشه، جدل,مجادله، هم ستیزی، جدال، ستیزه، بحث)
  —
  -causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement
  *a highly controversial topic.
  &Opposite noncontroversial, uncontroversial
  —
  *Punishments for prisoners include the loss of privileges and, more controversially, the stopping of visits.

Question 20

*architecture(subject)/ architect( person)/ architectural(adjective)

• archaeology (subject)/ archaeologist( person)/ archaeological(adjective)
• biology( subject)/ biologist (person) biological( adjective)
• economics( subject)/ economist (person)/ economic (adjective)(economical is related to saving money or fuel)
• geology( subject)/ geologist (person)/ geological(adjective)
• geography( subject)/ geographer( person)/ geographical( adjective)

Answer 20

• journalism( subject)/ journalist( person)/ journalistic(adjective)

*languages (subject)/ linguist(person)/ linguistic(adjective)

*law (subject)/ lawyer( person)/ legal( adjective)

• mathematics, math (subject)/ mathematician (person)/ mathematical( adjective)

*science (subject)/ scientist( person)/ scientific( adjective)

Question 21

*after graduation= postgraduation
*dissertation (پایان نامه، تز)= thesis
*is easier= more straightforward
*wide= broad
*filed of study= area of specialization/research area
*establish= ascertain (معلوم کردن، ثابت کردن)
*consider= ask yourself
*think about= take into account
*results= findings