V12 Flashcards
impairment (noun)
/ɪmˈpɛrmənt/
[uncountable, countable] (technology)
- the state of having a physical or mental condition that means that part of your body or brain does not work correctly; a particular condition of this sort
*impairment of kidney function
*visual impairments
(اختلال)
indispensable (adjective) &Opposite dispensable
/ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbl/
- too important to be without
=essential
*Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives.
*indispensable to somebody/something She made herself indispensable to the department.
*indispensable for something/for doing something A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language.
&Opposite dispensable
(واجب، حتمی، چاره نا پذیر، ضروری، ناگزیر، صرفنظر نکردنی، لازم الاجرا)
The fact that there are hundreds of millions of people around the world today who cannot clothe themselves, who cannot shelter themselves, who are struggling to eat once every two days.
What I saw was deeply depressing, that when you go out on the ground, these projects are far worse than you could possibly imagine. The statistics and the evidence are shocking.
menstruate (verb)
/ˈmɛnstruˌeɪt/
[intransitive] (formal)
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they menstruate
he / she / it menstruates
past simple menstruated
-ing form menstruating
—
menstrual (adjective)
/ˈmɛnstruəl/
- ## when a woman menstruates, there is a flow of blood from her womb, usually once a month1- connected with the time when a woman menstruates each month
*The average length of a woman’s menstrual cycle is 28 days.
2- (formal)
a menstrual period
scandal (noun)
/ˈskændl/
1- [countable, uncountable] behavior or an event that people think is morally or legally wrong and that causes public feelings of shock or anger
*a series of sex scandals
2- [uncountable] talk or reports about the shocking or immoral things that people have done or are thought to have done
*to spread scandal
3-[singular] scandal (that…) an action, attitude, etc. that you think is shocking and not at all acceptable
synonym disgrace
*It is a scandal that such a large town has no orchestra.
(رسوایی,بد گویی، شایعات ننگین، افتضاح، ننگ، تهمت زدن)
emerge (verb)
/ɪˈmərdʒ/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they emerge
he / she / it emerges
past simple emerged
-ing form emerging
—
emergence (noun [uncountable])
/ɪˈmərdʒəns/
—
emerging (adjective)
[only before noun]
1- [intransitive] to come out of a dark or hidden place
*emerge (from something) /The swimmer emerged from the lake.
2- [intransitive, transitive] (of facts, ideas, etc.) to become known
= transpire
*No new evidence emerged during the investigation.
3- [intransitive] to start to exist; to appear or become known
*After the election, protest groups began to emerge.
4- [intransitive] emerge (from something) to survive a difficult situation or experience
*She emerged from the scandal with her reputation intact.
(آشکار شدن؛ پدیدار شدن؛ ظاهر شدن، بیرون آمدن)
—
*the emergence of new technologies
—
*starting to exist, grow, or become known
*the emerging markets of South Asia
sanitation (noun)
/ˌsænəˈteɪʃn/
[uncountable]
- the equipment and systems that keep places clean, especially by removing human waste
*disease resulting from poor sanitation
*A lack of clean water and sanitation were the main problems.
(بهداشت,مراعات اصول بهداشت، به سازی، سیستم تخلیه فاضلاب)
contribute (verb)
/kənˈtrɪbyut/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they contribute
he / she / it contributes
past simple contributed
-ing form contributing
—
contributing (adjective)
1- [transitive, intransitive] to give something, especially money or goods, to help someone or something
* We contributed $5,000 to the earthquake fund.
2- [intransitive] contribute (to something) to be one of the causes of something
*Medical negligence could have contributed to her death.
3- [intransitive, transitive] to increase, improve, or add to something
* Immigrants have contributed to American culture in many ways.
4- [transitive, intransitive] to write things for a newspaper, magazine, or a radio or television program; to speak during a meeting or conversation, especially to give your opinion
*She contributed a number of articles to the magazine
(کمک کردن,اعانه دادن، شرکت کردن در، همکاری و کمک کردن، هم بخشی کردن)
—
*Human error may have been a contributing factor
consultation (noun)
/ˌkɑnslˈteɪʃn/
1- [uncountable] the act of discussing something with someone or with a group of people before making a decision about it
*a consultation document/paper/period/process
2- [countable] a formal meeting to discuss something
*extensive consultations between the two countries
3- [countable] a meeting with an expert, such as a lawyer or doctor, to get advice or treatment
*A 30-minute consultation will cost $50.
(مشورت,مشاوره، مذاکره، همفکری، رایزنی)
bucket (noun)
/ˈbʌkət/
سطل
mindset (noun)
/ˈmaɪndsɛt/
- a set of attitudes or fixed ideas that someone has and that are often difficult to change
=mentality (ذهن، قوه ذهنی، روحیه، طرز فکر، اندیشه)
*a conservative mindset
*the mindset of the computer generation
miraculous (adjective)
/məˈrækyələs/
—
miraculously (adverb)
- like a miracle; completely unexpected and very lucky
=extraordinary, phenomenal
*miraculous powers of healing
*She’s made a miraculous recovery.
(معجزه اسا)
—
*They miraculously survived the plane crash.
*The barn has been miraculously transformed into a luxury hotel.
appealing (adjective)
/əˈpilɪŋ/
—
appealingly (adverb)
1- attractive or interesting
*Brightly colored packaging made the pens especially appealing to children.
&Opposite unappealing
2- showing that you want people to help you or to show you sympathy
*“Would you really help?” he said with an appealing look.
—
*an appealingly witty story
*The dog looked up at her appealingly.
flop (verb)
/flɑp/
Verb Forms
present simple I / you / we / they flop
he / she / it flops
past simple flopped
-ing form flopping
1- [intransitive] flop (down/back) (into/on something) to sit or lie down in a heavy and sudden way because you are very tired
*Exhausted, he flopped down into a chair.
2- [intransitive] + adv./prep. to fall, move, or hang in a heavy or awkward way, without control
*Her hair flopped over her eyes.
3- [intransitive] (informal) to be a complete failure
*The play flopped on Broadway.
(شکست خوردن,شیوه فاسبوری، پرش از پشت (پرش ارتفاع)، صدای چلپ، با صدای تلپ افتادن)
